初中被动语态讲解及练习.pdfVIP

被动语态 一、概念： 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是 动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作 不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。 二、主动句变为被动句的步骤： 1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语 2.把动词变为被动形式即 be +过去分词， 并注意其人称和数 随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。 3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在 by 后面以它 的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格） ，如不需要则可省略。 4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。 三、被动语态的用法： 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成： is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 We clean our classroom every day. My mother asks me to study hard. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成： was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. 3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成： has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. Many man -made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成： will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next year. 5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词 + be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成： am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 7. 不定式的被动语态： to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 There are two books to be read. There are twenty more trees to be planted. 3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略 to 的动词 不定式，主动语态中不带 to ，但变为被动 语态时，须加上 to 。 例： make somebody do something →somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something → somebody +be +seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. → My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. The boss made the little boy do heavy work. → The little boy wasmade to do heavy work by the boss. 4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时， 可以使用直接宾语也可以使用间接宾语作被动语态句子的主语。 使用直接宾语 (物 )作主语时，要在动词后加上介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 He gave me