初中定语从句讲解.pdfVIP

定语从句 一、定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 ， 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 ， 引导定语 从句的引导词分为：关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that等，和关系副词where, when, why等 ， 关系代词 和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份，不可省略。 1. 由who 引导的定语从句中 ， who用作主语 ， 如 ： This is the boy who often helps me. 2. 由whom引导的定语从句中，whom用作宾语，如：The man whom you are waiting for has gone home. 3. 由whose引导的定语从句中 ，whose用作定语 ， 如 ： Do you know the girl whose skirt is white? 4. 由which引导的定语从句中，which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语。 如：The room in which there is a machine is a workshop（车间）. The river which is in front of my house is very clean. This is the pen which you want. 注意 ： (1)whom, which用作介词宾语时 ， 介词可放在 whom、which之前 ， 也可放在从句原来的位置上；但在 含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。 如： He is the very person whom we musttake good care of. (2) 引导非限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词which，不用that。 如：I have lost my bag, which I like very much. (3) 关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。 5. 由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面 作介词宾语，即介词后只能用 which, 不能用that. 如：The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun. 注意：在下面几种情况下必须用 that 引导定语从句。 (1) 先行词是不定代词 something, nothing, anything，everything等, 如 ：All that we have to do is to practise English. (2) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰， 如：The first letter that I got from him will be kept in my case . (3) 先行词被 all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰 ， 如：I have eaten up all the food that you gave me . (4) 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时, 如: H e is the only person that I want to talk with. (5) 先行词既有人又有物时， 如:They talk about persons and things that they met . (6) 当句中已有who 时 ,为避免重复 ， 如 ： Who is the man that is giving us the class? 6. 由when, where, why引导的定语从句， 如: I dont know the reason why he was late. This is the place where we have lived for 5 years. Ill never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time. 注意：先