细胞生物学：叶绿体2.ppt

◆ Mitochondria or chloroplasts contain complete genetic systems ◆Genes encoded by mitochondria or chloroplasts (A)Mitochondria ----Human mtDNA：37 genes(12S,16S rRNA；22 types of tRNAs；13 types of polypeptides： 7 subunits of NADH dehydrogenase，one cytb of cytb-c1 complex，three subunits of cytochrome C oxidase, two F0 subunits of ATP synthetase.) (B) chloroplast ---- About 120 genes in the chloroplast genome of higher plants are highly similar in tobacco and liverwort(地钱). The known gene encoded by ctDNA：4 types of rRNAs（23S、16S、4.5S, 5S）， tRNA: 20（烟草）or 31（地钱）and about more than 90 types of polypeptide (11 or 8 types of ribosomal proteins in small subunit and large subunit ). 5 . Origin of Mi or Chl ● Endosymbiosis hypothesis（内共生起源学说):Mi or Chl probably evolved from endosymbiotic bacteria endocytosed by early eucaryotic cells(真核细胞). ● Intercellular origin hypothesis (非共生起源学说) ---Plasma membrane of the early procaryotic cells depressed(凹陷) inward, separated and gradually evolved into mitochondria * ③Photophosphorylation(光合磷酸化) 叶绿体中的ATP到底是怎样合成的? 证明了CF1颗粒就是ATP合成酶，偶联光合磷酸化的装置。 类囊体膜重建 ATP synthase： ?CF1-CF0-ATPase complex is distributed over the thylakoid membrane, and consists of CF1 and CF0. ◆ CF1 made of 5 kinds of polypeptides of α, β, γ, δ andε. ◆CF0 consists of at less three types of polypeptides. 化学渗透学说: 线粒体 vs 叶绿体 Photophosphorylation is that the synthesis of ATP is coupled with the electron transfer drived by light. Three types of photophosphorylation in plants and cyanobacteria(蓝藻) -- Noncyclic photophosphorylation(非循环式光合磷酸化) --Cyclic photophosphorylation(循环式光合磷酸化) --Pseudocyclic photophosphorylation(假循环式光合磷酸化) ◆ Noncyclic photophosphorylation: H2Oe- PSII – cytb6/f--PSI -- NADPH. In the process, the path for electron transfer is an open route. Product: slightly more than 1 molecule of ATP, 1 molecule of NADPH and O2 for every pair of electrons. 电子最终受体 ◆Cyclic photophosphorylation: PSI → the primary ac