热动专业英语.docxVIP

1 .The Steam Turbine 汽轮机 How does a steam turbine work?When a windmill blown with a wind nozzle, it will begin to turno On the same principle, when high-temperature steam passes through the nozzles and ejects to the blades fitted around the wheel, the wheel turns and thus the heat energy in steam is converted into rotor9s rotating mechanical energy. The amount of electricity consumed outside changes frequently □ The amount of the steam admitted into turbine that drives the generator must also change relevantly so that the rator speed is kept unchanged.If the amount of the steam entry is kept unchanged, the higher the outside load, the lower will be the turbine speed;the lower the outside load, the higher will be the turbine speed. Therefore,the turbine must have a governor gear.The fuction of a governor gear is to regulate the amount of steam entry to keep the turbine speed steady in response to change of the outside load.The following is that the simplest flying ball type direct governor taken as an example to explain its working process- When the turbine speed increases,the flying balls will turn faster by means of the governing gear and they fly apart to both sides due to the action of the centrifugal force.Then the slide ring is made to move upward,with the left end of the link mechanism moved upward and the righr end of it moved downward,and the opening of the governing valve is reduced to a less extent.Thus the amount of steam entry decreases and the turbine speed is lowered.When the speed decreases.the centrifugal force exerted onto the flying balls in the governor decreases and the the spring pulles the flying balls nearer with each other and the slide ring moves downward,with the left end of the link mechanism moved downward and the right end of it moved upward and the opening of the governing valve becomes larger.Thus the amount of the steam entry increases and the turbine speed becomes faster-In this way,the turbine speed is fundamentally kept steady. The