【历史课件】东亚的传统与变化.pptxVIP

Chapter 27;The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644);Ming China, 1368-1644;The Great Wall ■ Origins before 4th century BCE, ruins from Qin dynasty in 3rd century BCE ■ Rebuilt under Ming rule, 15th-16th centuries ■ 1,550 miles, 33-49 feet high □ Guard towers □ Room for housing soldiers;The Great Wall of China;Eradicating the Mongol Past;Ming Decline;Ming Collapse;The Qing empire, 1644-1911;The Qing Dynasty (1644-1911);Emperor Kangxi (r. 1661-1722);The Son of Heaven;The Scholar-Bureaucrats;The Civil Service Examinations;Examination System and Society;The Patriarchal Family ■ Filial piety understood as duty of child to parent; individual to emperor ■ Eldest son favored ■ Clan-based authority groups augment government services;Gender Relations;Footbinding;Woman with Bound Feet;Population Growth and Economic Development ■ Only 11% of China arable ■ Intense, garden-style agriculture necessary ■ American food crops introduced in 17th century □ Maize, sweet potatoes, peanuts ■ Rebellion and war reduce population in 17th century □ Offset by increase due to American crops;Chinese Population Growth;Foreign Trade;Trade in Southeast Asia;Government and Technology During Tang and Song dynasties (7th-13th centuries), China a world leader in technology Stagnates during Ming and Qing dynasties □ European cannons purchased, based on early Chinese invention of gunpowder Government suppressed technological advancement, fearing social instability would result □ Mass labor over productivity;Classes in Chinese Society;Neo-Confucianism;Christianity in China;Confucianism and Christianity;The Unification of Japan;Tokugawa Japan, 1600-1867;Control of Daimyo (Great Names);Economic Growth in Japan End of civil conflict contributes to prosperity New crop strains, irrigation systems improve agricultural production Yet population growth moderate □ Contraception, late marriage, abortion □ Infanticide: thinning out the rice shoots;Population Growth;Social Change End of civil disturbances create massive unemploy