肯定句变否定句.pdfVIP

肯 定 — — 否 定 一、动词 be 的否定式 动词 be 根据不同的人称和时态可以有 am, is, are, was, were 等不同形式，可 用作连系动词 ( 表示 “是”、“在”等) 和助动词 ( 用于构成进行时态和被动语态等 ) ， 但不管何种情况，构成否定式时，一律在其后加 not 。 ① I ’mold, but you ’re young. →I ’mnot old, but you ’re not young. ② Hewas reading and I was writing. →Hewas not reading and I was not writing. 二、 动词 have 的否定式 动词 have 根据不同的人称和时态可以有 have, has, had 等形式，可以用作实意 动词和助动词，分以下情况讨论。 1. 用作实意动词表示状态，如表示拥有、患病或用于 have to 表示“必须”等， 在构成否定式时可以直接在其后加 not ，也可根据情况在其前使用 don’t, doesn’ t ， didn ’t 。 ① He has a car. →He hasn ’t a car. / He doesn ’t have a car. ② He had somedictionaries. →He hadn’t any dictionaries. / Hedidn ’ t have any dictionaries. ③ You have to go with him. →You haven ’t to go with him. / You don ’ t have to go with him. 【注】have to 构成否定式时以在其前加 don’t 等较为常见。 2. 用作实意动词表示动作， 如表示 “吃(=eat) ”、“喝(=drink) ”、“拿(=take) ”、 “收到(=receive) ”、“度过(=spend) ”等，构成否定式时不能直接在其后加 not ， 而应根据情况在其前使用 don’t, doesn ’t, didn ’t 。 ① He had some cake for breakfast. → He didn ’t have any cake for breakfast. ② We had a good holiday. →We didn ’t have a good holiday. 3. 用作助动词构成完成时态，其否定式只能在其后加 not 。 ① I have read the book. →I have not read the book. ② He had left when I arrived. →He hadn’t left when I arrived. 三、情态动词的否定式 情态动词的否定式一般在其后加 not 构成。 ① I can finish the work in an hour. →I can ’t finish the work in an hour. ② You must go with us. →You mustn ’t go with us. ③ We should help them. →We shouldn ’t help them. 四、实意动词的否定式 一般实意动词的否定式，通常应根据不同时态和人称在实意动词之前加 don’t, doesn ’t, didn ’t 等