内科学课件：5-1总论.ppt

The diseases of digestive system Summary The diseases include ： parenchymatous and functional diseases of Esophagus、Stomach、Small intestine、large intestine、liver、biliary tract and pancreas； High-incidence，multi-kind，complex- etiopathogenisis。 Main function of digestive system Digestion and absorption Stabilization of internal environment Cell and humoral immunity Gastrointestinal hormone and motion Esophagus From throat to cardiac With no serous membrane LES Esophagus varix when portal hypertension Stomach Long about 6m: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum jejunum start from Treitz ligament Average diameter:4cm，most narrow in ileum ，which easily forms obstruction Function :digestion and absorption Small intestine large intestine Long about 1.5m Ileocecal valve Only absorb water 、salt、glucose Hematochzia when portal hypertension liver The largest glandular organ ，weight accounts 2% in an adult. Blood supply comes from portal vein (accounts ?) and hepatic artery. Function： ● synthesize bile and bile salt, metabolism of bile，sugar、fat and protein. ● synthesize and disrupt hormone，absorb、store and use vitamin， copper、ferri and other microelement metabolism ● disrupt and excrete toxin and noxious substance ● participate in immune Biliary system Vater bulb Oddi sphincter Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography The biggest digestive gland in human body and an important endocrine gland. Contains various digestive enzymes. The endocrinic part is located in pancreatic island，containing A cell excreting glucagons，B cell excreting insulin，G and D1 cell excreting kind of peptide hormones for example: gastrin、 vasoactive Intestinal peptide. Neuroendocrine cell in gastrointestinal tract Distributed over gastrointestinal and glandular cell,producing something like peptide having hormonal effect and being able to regulate the endocrine and motor function of gastrointestinal tract G cell excretes gastrin ； D cell excretes soma