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3.1 Extruder Drive 53
A speed regulation of 0.01% can be achieved with a 1000:1 speed range using an
encoder and with constant torque characteristics. FV drives have a better power fac-
tor over the low speed range than DC drives because there is not the long delay in
firing the SCRs to create a low DC voltage. FV drives provide constant torque up to
the base speed, usually 1750 rpm. The 1750 base speed motors can operate in an
extended speed range up to 3500 rpm. Low base speed vector duty motors with high
horsepower have not become widely available at a competitive price. The cost of
smaller FV drives is attractive; however, sizes over 100 hp tend to be more expen-
sive than DC drives. Flux vector drives are available up to 400 hp. A further advan-
tage of AC drives is that they do not require isolation transformers.
3.1.2DC Motor Drive System
Some early DC extruder drives used fixed-speed AC motors to drive DC generators
that produced the variable voltage for the DC motor. Nowadays, the DC motor drives
usually operate from a solid-state power supply, since this power supply is generally
more cost-effective than the motor generator set. The DC motor drive can be simpler
and cheaper than the variable frequency drive, even when the higher cost of the DC
motor is included. The smaller number of solid-state devices tends to give the DC
drive a better reliability than the variable frequency drive. Brushes and commutator
maintenance is the principal drawback to the use of DC motors. If the drive has to be
explosion-proof, the additional expense associated with this option may be quite
large for a DC drive, more so than with a variable frequency AC drive or a hydraulic
drive. A schematic of the DC drive is shown in Fig. 3.4.
AC line DC motor
SCR
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