太阳能发电的基础中英文文献翻译.docVIP

The Basics of Solar Power for Producing Electricity Using solar power to produce electricity is not the same as using solar to produce heat. Solar thermal prin ciples are applied to produce hot fluids or air. Photovoltaic prin ciples are used to produce electricity. A solar panel is made of the n atural eleme nt, silic on, which becomes charged electrically whe n subjected to sun light. Solar pan els are directed at solar south in the n orther n hemisphere and solar north in the souther n hemisphere (these are slightly differe nt tha n magn etic compass no rth-south directi ons) at an an gle dictated by the geographic locati on and latitude of where they are to be in stalled. Typically, the an gle of the solar array is set within a range of between site-latitude-plus 15 degrees and site-latitude-minus 15 degrees, depe nding on whether a slight win ter or summer bias is desirable in the system. Many solar arrays are placed at an an gle equal to the site latitude with no bias for seas onal periods. The in te nsity of the Suns radiati on cha nges with the hour of the day, time of the year and weather con diti ons. To be able to make calculati ons in pla nning a system, the total amount of solar radiatio n en ergy is expressed in hours of full sun light perm, or Peak Sun Hours. This term, Peak Sun Hours, represe nts the average amount of sun available per day throughout the year. It is presumed that at peak sun, 1000 W/m of power reaches the surface of the earth. One hour of full sun provides 1000 Wh perm = 1 kWh/m - representing the solar en ergy received in one hour on a cloudless summer day on a on e-square meter surface directed towards the sun. To put this in some other perspective, the Un ited States Departme nt of En ergy in dicates the amount of solar en ergy that hits the surface of the earth every +/- hour is greater tha n the total amount of en ergy that the en tire huma n populatio n requires in a year. Ano ther perspective is that roughly 100 square miles o