麦金泰尔美德观理论研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 麦金泰尔在《德性之后》这本书中，分别展示了三个方面的内容，首先是他对当代社会道德危机的认识， 他指出在当代社会，道德在自由主义，情感主义的影响下逐渐丧失了在人类社会生活中的中心地位。从他 的书中我读出了三种当代社会道德危机的根源，其一是道德权威的丧失，导致了人们沦为了情感主义的奴 隶，毫无客观标准判断道德行为。其二是道德统一的准则消失，人们在道德选择的立场上没有明确的选择， 道德原则和道德价值判断全部源自于个人的主观性选择。其三是道德的变质，也就是因为人们对外在利益 的过度追求，导致道德沦为了一种工具和手段，去追寻外在利益。 然后从其对历史过程中的道德历史考察，从英雄社会美德观中的卓越到雅典社会美德观中的对善的追求的 理解，从中世纪美德观的美德帮助人们客服困难到近现代社会的美德逐渐和功利主义越来越近。一步步分 析了美德的发展变化过程和历史发展变化过程的相互联系，进而为其自己的美德观的建构进行梳理。 麦金泰尔美德观的主要内容包括了：德性与实践，德性与生活，德性与传统。德性与实践的关系是理解德 性的最重要的地方，实践中所追求的内在利益就是人们对美德的定义。德性始终贯穿于生活当中，是人一 生所要追求的。德性在每个时期和当时所处历史背景的传统是密不可分的，美德也可以说是传统中最需要 发现的继承的一部分。 关键词：美德；实践；生活；传统；善； Abstract McIntyre in the book after virtue, shows the content of the three aspects respectively, the first is his understanding of the contemporary social moral crisis, he pointed out that in the contemporary society, morality in liberal, emotionalism gradually lost under the influence of the center position in human social life. I read from his book for three kind of the root cause of the moral crisis in modern society, the first is the loss of moral authority, caused the people has become slaves of the emotionalism,there is no objective criteria to judge the moral behavior. The second is the disappearance of the principle of moral unity. There is no clear choice in the position of moral choice. The moral principle and moral value judgment all come from the subjective choice of individuals. The third is the deterioration of morality, that is, peoples excessive pursuit of external interests leads to moral degenerate into a tool and means to pursue external interests. Then from the history of history in the process of moral, social virtue from hero view social virtue excellence to Athens in the view of the pursuit of good understanding of the middle ages the concept of virtue virtue virtue to help people the difficulties of the service to the modern society gradually more and more close and utilitarianism. The relationship between the development and change of virtue a