词汇学期末复习--自己总结的-很好.docxVIP

— PAGE \* Arabic 1 — 词汇学期末复习--自己总结的-很好 1 What is the morpheme? 词素  The morpheme is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, /in the composition of words ,not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms.Words are formed by morphemes, a word may be composed of one or more morphemes.  One morphemefruit Two morphemesfruit+ful Three morphemesun+fruit+ful  2 A synchronic approach and a diachronic approach are approaches to the study of a language.  3 an allomorph词素变体is one or two or more complimentary morphs which magnifies a morpheme in its different phonological environments  4 Free morphemes and bound morphemes自由词素和粘着词素  A free morpheme is one that can be uttered alone with meaning.  A bound morpheme cannot stand by itself as a complete utterance; it must appear with at least one other morpheme  5A root 词根is that part of a word-form that remains when all the inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed. (it conveys the main lexical meaning)  6 基本的构词方法：Word-formation  （1）派生法-derivation Definition: Derivation or affixation is a method of word-formation by which new words are created by adding affixes( prefix or suffix or both) or combining form to the base  （2）复合法--Compounding/composition定义 A word-formation process in which words are formed by putting two or more words together.  （3）转化法--Conversion /functional shift/ transmutation/zero-derivation  其他构词方法  （4）缩略法--abbreviation/shortening 《包括clipping截短词(apocope尾, aphaeresis首，front and back clipping,首尾，syncope腰）initialism首字母缩略,acronym首字母拼音，blending拼缀词=telescopic word =portmanteau word 》  首字母缩略词不可以读出来IQ=intelligence quotient BBC=British Broadcasting Corporation 首字母拼音词是可以读出来的，例如SALT 、WASP，dinky  拼缀法Camcorder 摄像机=camera照相机+recorder 录音机  （5）逆生法--Back-formation donation donate emotion emote  （6）拟声法--onomatopoeia指words containing sounds similar to the noises they describe 声音的来源有人类，动物，其他事物  拟声词的作用：Imitating the sound and being