词汇学 期末考试复习资料.docxVIP

— PAGE \* Arabic 1 — 词汇学 期末考试复习资料 第一章  A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function  Word ，Vocabulary的关系All the words in a language make up what is generally known as its vocabulary.  The relationship between sound and meaning is almost always arbitrary and conventional, and there is no logical relationship between sound and meaning.  Word-form and meaning: arbitrary and conventional.  What is the relationship between sound and meaning?  1)There is ‘no logical relationship between the sound and act ual thing.e.g. dog. cat  2)The relationship between them is conventional.  3) In different languages the same concept can be represented by different sounds.  What is relationship between sound and form?  1)The written form of a natural language is the written record of the oral form. Naturally the written form should agree wit  h the oral form.  2)This is fairly true of English in its earliest stage  Old English  3)With the development of the language, more and more diff erences occur between the two.  What is the classification of words? How to classify words i n linguistics?  Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency, into content words and functional words by notion, and into native words and borrowed words by origin.  According to Stuart Robertson the nine functional words , namely ,and , be , have , it , of , the , to , will ,you  What are the characteristics of basic word stock?  1) All national character 2) Stability 3) Productivity 4) Polyse my 5) Collocability  None basic vocabulary  1) Terminology e.g. sonata, algebra 专业术语  2) Jargon e.g. Bottom line ( Jargon ) 行话3) Slang e.g. smoky, bear ( Slang ) 俚语  4) Argot e.g. persuader 黑话，隐语  5) Dialectal words e.g. station ( AusE = ranch ) bluid ( ScotE = blood)方言  6) Archaisms e.g. wilt (will) 古语词  7) Neologisms e.g.