词汇学知识点总结.docxVIP

— PAGE \* Arabic 1 — 词汇学知识点总结 词汇学期末复习  1.In brief, a word may be defined as a fundamental unit of speech and minimum free form; with a unity of sound and meaning (both lexical and grammatical meaning), capable of performing a given syntactic function.  2.The morpheme (词素) is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms.  Example:  One morpheme: nation  Two morphemes: nation-al  Three morphemes: nation-al-ize  Four morphemes: de-nation-al-ize  3. An allomorph (词素变体) is any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds.  For example:  go: went, gone  -ion/-tion/-sion/-ation are the positional variants of the same suffix.  4.Inflectional affixes (曲折词缀)  Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional, thus known as inflectional morphemes. For example: cats, walked, walking, John’s book…  5.Derivational affixes (派生词缀)  Affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. They can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes.  For example:  re＋write, mini＋car,  work＋er  6.Connotative meaning (内涵意义)  In contrast to denotative meaning, connotative meaning refers to the overtones or associations which a word suggests or implies.  Mother (a female parent) is often associated with ‘love’, ‘care’, ‘tenderness’, ‘forgiving’, etc.  Home (a dwelling place) may suggest ‘family, warmth, safety, love, convenience’, etc  7.Stylistic meaning (文体意义)  Words may have stylistic features, which make them appropriate for different contexts. Examples: male parent, father, daddy ；residence, home, pad  8.Affective meaning (情感意义)  Affective meaning indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question. Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories:  Appreciative or commendatory (褒义): words of positive overtones use