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PAGE PAGE 2 Lathe A lathe is a machine tool used to remove metal from the surface of a circular workpiece. The workpiece is mounted between the two centers of the lathe and rotates around the center axis. When turning the workpiece, the turning tool moves along the axis of rotation of the workpiece in parallel or with the axis of rotation of the workpiece into a bevel, to remove the metal on the surface of the workpiece. This displacement of the turning tool is called feed. Turning tool holder is clamped on the tool holder, and the tool holder is fixed on the slide. The slide plate is a mechanism for feeding the cutting tool in the desired direction. The lathe handle can be used to control the tool feed, and can also be used to achieve automatic feed with the help of special transmission device. The largest part of the lathe is called the bed, and its two ends are respectively fitted with a headstock and a tailstock. The surface of the bed has a special guide rail, and the slide plate and tail seat can slide on the guide rail. The two centers of the lathe are mounted in two main spindles: the live center in the headstock spindle and the dead center in the tailstock spindle. The lathe chuck is used to clamp the work piece, its purpose is to make the work piece does not shake when turning. In general, the chucks mounted on the main shaft of the bed head box may have different sizes and constructions. If the workpiece is a complete circle, it can be clamped in the so-called three-jaw universal chuck, the chucks three claws by rotating the spiral mechanism can simultaneously move to the middle. However, if the workpiece is a non-complete circle, four jaw independent chuck should be used. Lathes must run at different speeds when turning parts of different materials and diameters. The gear system in the headstock enables the lathe to run at different speeds. Before the lathe turns the workpiece, its center should be aligned, that is, the axes of the two centers mu