英语语言学 易混淆概念辨析.docxVIP

英语语言学 易混淆概念辨析 Phonological structure音系构造Which sound units are used and how they are put togetherPhonological analysis 音系学分析Take a word, replace one sound by another, and see whether a different meaning results. (minimal pairsPhonemic contrastThe relation between 2 phonemes when they occur in the same environment and distinguish meaningPhonological rule 音系规章a formal way of expressing a systematic phonologicalprocess or sound change in language.AssimilationDissimilation 异化A process where 2 identical or similar phonemes changes or displaces the other oneSuprasegmental/Phonological features (syllable stress tone intonationThose aspects of speech that involve more than single sound segmentsSyllable structure 音节构造(divided into rhyme and onsetComponential analysisA way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features.Grammatical construction 语法构造The process of internal organization of a grammatical unit( IC analysisSyntactic construction 句法构造(endo/exo-centric constructionSyntactic function 句法功能Shows the relationship between a linguistic form and other parts of the linguistic pattern in which it is usedGrammatical ruleBy which the grammaticality of a sentence is governedGrammatical relationsThe structural and logical functional relations of constituentsSyntactic relationspositional/substitutability/co-occurrencesyntagmatic relationbetween one item and others in a sequence, or between elements which are all present. paradigmatic relationa relation holding between elements replaceable with each other at a particular place in a structu re, or between one element present and he others absent.immediate constituent analysis:the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediate constituentsDistinctive features:a term of phonology, i.e. a property which distinguishes one phoneme from another. (phonological contrast binary/place featuresAllophone: any of the different forms of a phonemeallomorph: an