双语植物生物学课件chapter11fungi.pptxVIP

Chapter 11 FungiThe Role of Fungi Biology and Characteristics of Fungi Phylum Zygomycota Phylum Ascomycota Phylum Basidiomycota Symbiotic Relationships of Fungi What are fungi?Eukaryotic, spore-bearing, heterotrophic organisms that produce extracellular enzymes and absorb their nutrition.The Role of FungiOver 70,000 species of fungi have been identified, with some 1700 new species discovered each year.Fungi are important ecologically as decomposers, which play an important role in carbon and nitrogen recycle in biosphere. On average, the top 20 centimeters of fertile soil contains nearly 5 metric tons of fungi and bacteria per hectare.Fungi are important medically and economically as pest, pathogens, and producers of certain chemicals.Fungi form important symbiotic relationships.Major Characteristics of Fungal PhylaChytridiomycota(790 species)Representatives: Allomyces, CoelomomycesNature of Hyphae: aseptate, coenocyticMethod of Asexual Reproduction: ZoosporesType of Sexual Spore: NoneCommon Plant Diseases: brown spot of corn, crown wart of alfalfa, black wart of potatoZygomycota (1060 species)Representatives: Rhizopus (common bread mold)Nature of Hyphae: aseptate, coenocyticMethod of Asexual Reproduction: Nonmotile sporesType of Sexual Spore: Zygospore(in zygosporangium)Common Plant Diseases: Soft rot of various plant partAscomycota (32,300 species)Representatives: Powdery mildews, Morchella(羊肚菌） (edible morels), Tuber (truffles)Nature of Hyphae: septateMethod of Asexual Reproduction: Budding, conidia(nonmotile spores)(分生孢子）, fragmentation.Type of Sexual Spore: Ascospore（子囊孢子）Common Plant Diseases: powdery mildew, brown rot of stone fruits, chestnut blight, Dutch elm disease.Basidiomycota (22,244 species)Representatives: Mushrooms (Amanita, poisonous; Agaricus, edible), stinkhorns, puffballs, shelf fungi, rusts, smutsNature of Hyphae: Septate with doliporeMethod of Asexual Reproduction: Budding, conidia (nonmotile spores, including urediniospores 锈孢子), fragmentati