国际森林土壤研讨会课件Anderson - Forest Soils Symposium.pptxVIP

Climate Change – Predictions for Australia;Higher temperature expanded growing season Shift in species ranges Reduced rainfall Increased mortality Shift in plantation species choice Atmospheric CO2 Fertilisation constrained by poor soil nutrient status water availability ;Mycorrhizal fungi climate change;Ectomycorrhizal mycelium;Ectomycorrhizal mycelium;Ectomycorrhizal mycelium;;C flow to ECM mycelium;Effects on community structure No change to species richness Altered relative abundance (e.g. Fransson et al., 2001 Parrent et al., 2006) Biomass changes Significant changes in pure culture and symbiotic microcosms (e.g. Fransson et al. 2007a, b) No increase in the field (e.g. Parrent et al., 2007) Southern hemisphere? ;What is the response of soil fungi to climate change factors? What role do soil fungi have in increasing below-ground C sequestration? ;(i) Chamber (ii) Glasshouse experiments;I. Whole Tree Chamber Experiment;Fungal ITS T-RFLP (RNA);;Days (after re-watering);Significant effect of drought conditions particularly over the longer term Minor ‘CO2’ effect Memory effects of long term drought ;II. Glasshouse experiment;;;Results summary;;ECM genus comprising several species known to respond to climate change factors Several species indigenous to Australia but have been dispersed worldwide. ;Percent Roots Colonized;Percent Similarity in Colonization Potential (400 ppm vs 650 ppm CO2);;SI-9;Salicylic acid signaling is increased (PR1, 4 and 5) GRAS, S-locus lectin protein kinases and mannose-binding lectin kinases show increased abundance Genes related to ethylene and ABA signaling show repression TIR-NBS-LRR family genes are repressed SWEET transporters increased ;The interaction is dependent on the genotype of the colonizing fungus External ‘positive’ stressors such as CO2 are not always beneficial in fostering mutualistic interactions Small differences in the identity of genes expressed during the interaction can have large impacts on the be