中大生物课件09生物化学第二学期10biomembrane transport.pptxVIP

§10 Biomembrane Transport;历史的回顾;历史的回顾;历史的回顾;历史的回顾;历史的回顾;历史的回顾;历史的回顾;Support for the FLUID MOSAIC MODEL (1) membrane proteins have different susceptibility to digestion intact Red Blood Cells + trypsin (a proteinase) with permeablized RBCs + trypsin (2) fluorescent staining photo bleaching of membrane lipids photo bleaching of membrane proteins Cell fusion: labelled mouse cell + labelled human cell (3) fluidity of membrane affected by temperature phase transition from liquid crystal to crystalline gel (4) freeze fracture membranes break between bilayers particles (proteins) embedded in membrane with differing distribution between 2 halves (5) outer layer and inner layer of membrane have differing lipid composition ;1. Composition Structure (ctnd);历史的回顾;历史的回顾;;历史的回顾;Composition of some membranes;Different membranes: different lipids;Lipid membranes are asymmetrical (1);Lipid membranes are asymmetrical (2); Lipid Movement;Effects of some factors on lipid movement ;Integral membrane proteins single span ?-helix multispan ?-helix ?-barrel;lipid linked proteins;The ways (topology) of ?-helix spanning membrane;Experiments to determine the transmembrane arrangement of membrane proteins;2. Functional summary ;特殊功能分区：线粒体;特殊功能分区：叶绿体;易化扩散;信号的化学传导;信号的膜电位传导;Certain Integral Proteins Mediate Cell-Cell Interactions and Adhesion;膜筏是分布在质膜的外叶的微区(microdomains）结构，可在液晶的海洋中移动，形象地称为膜筏(lipid raft)；对去污剂的溶解具有一定的抗性，利用此特点可方便膜筏与其他成分的分离。;膜筏微区的结构模型;已发现的角色： 膜筏可携带与其结合的胞内或外源蛋白象穿梭机(transport shuttles)在细胞膜上往返运动。 膜筏可作为分子分选机 (molecular sorting machines),在质膜的一些区域参与信号转导的时空序列调控。 膜筏可以作为各种病源，包括病毒、细菌及其毒素侵入细胞内的入口(portals of entry)。 膜筏也是朊蛋白(PrPSc)及Alzheimer’s disease的β淀粉样肽的多发位点 (preferential sites)。;膜筏在HIV感染中的作用;膜筏在朊病毒传播中的作用;(鞘脂);Caveolae (膜穴) 的形成;Membrane Fusion Is Central to Many Biological Processes;Fusion induced by the hemagglutinin (HA) proteinduring viral infection;早在1854年，对细胞学的创立做出决定性贡献的德国病理学家魏尔啸（Virchow，Rudolph Carl 1821～ 1902）就发现，神经细胞髓聚脂溶液具有偏光性，这本是液晶的重要特征之一。 1933年，法拉第液晶讨论会上，生物结构的液晶性质被正式