(完整版)并列平行结构及练习.docVIP

咼考英语中的 并列平行结构”及应试策略 一、 平行结构：由并列连词连接两个或两个以上对等的语言成分构成。 二、 并列连词及词组（平衡连接词）：连接多个平行的词、短语、分句或者从句。 1. 单一式： and, or ,but 2. 短语式： as well as, rather tha n ,other tha n, in stead of 3. 相关式：both...and, between...and, not only...but also, from...to, from...until, either...or, n either... nor, the same as, such as, as...as, no t...but 对连接词连接的成分 要求：形式对称； 功能相同（充当同样的句子成分）。 并列平行结构应该是名词和名词，副词和副词，分词和分词，不定式和不定式，动词和动词，句子和 句子等的并列，而不能其中一个概念用分词结构表达，而另一个概念用不定式或从句来表达。 比如下面两个句子就违反了平行结构的准则： Do some nice things for your pare nts that they dont expect like cook ing, doing the dishes, wash ing clothes, or clea n the floors. 三、 平行结构主要类型 1. 名词和名词平行结构 The patie nts symptoms were fever, dizz in ess, and headache. 2. 形容词和形容词平行结构 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 3. 副词和副词平行结构 The work is handsomely and skillfully done. 4. 分词平行结构（现在分词与现在分词 /过去分词与过去分词 ） The boys were running, shouti ng and laugh ing. The old man retur ned home, disappo in ted and exhausted. 5. 动名词 doing 平行结构 Henrys work is reading books and writing book reviews. 6. 动词不定式平行结构 On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you n eed money to pay garde ners and other workers, and to buy pla nts and young trees. 7. 介词短语平行结构 1） Your semester grade is based not only on how well you do on each test, but also on how you participate in class. 2） We often go to the countryside as well as to factories. 8. 谓语动词平行结构 谓语形式时态要一致 He went dow ntow n, bought some books and visited his daughter. Gun powder was discovered in the twelfth cen tury, but not used in warfare un til two hun dred years later. 9. 排列位置的平行 主 not only 谓 but also 谓 对 Not only 主谓（倒）, 主 +also+ 谓 Not only主谓（倒装），but also谓 错 Not only 主谓（倒） but主谓 10. 句子的并列（并列句） I was tired, but I felt happy. 四、在高考中的体现及解题思路 解题思路：当并列连词连接两项或多项对等成分时，这些被连接的成分必须是同一词性、同一形式。 特别要注意出现三项以上（含三项）的并列成分。 在短文改错中的体现：违反平行结构的准则是高考短文改错惯用的出题手段之一。 1. I was often a little tired after a day s work and watch TV demandsve9y99t全国卷短文改错） 2. However my father had to work on Mon day s