英语语法入门笔记(崔荣容_).doc

word word PAGE / NUMPAGES word 英语语法入门 荣容 第一讲 语序和五种根本句式 He learns English every day. 他每天学习英语。 〔中英语序不同〕 英语五种根本句式 一、主+谓 二、主+系+表 系动词：起到联系作用的动词，连接主语与表语。 表语：描述主语的身份、性质、特征、状态 三、主+谓+宾 主语：动作发出者 谓语：作出的动作 宾语：动作的对象 四、主+谓+间宾+直宾 间宾：通常是人 直宾：通常是物 五、主+谓+宾+宾补 宾补：对宾语的补充说明 一、主+谓 The universe remains. 宇宙长存 中英文语序一致 二、主+系+表 The food is delicious. 这个食物很好吃 中英文语序一致 三、主+谓+宾 He took his bag and left.〔left是第二个谓语〕 他拿着他的包离开了 中英文语序一致 四、主+谓+间宾+直宾 Her father bought her a dictionary. buy sb sth〔双宾语〕 她爸爸给她买了一本词典 〔her与 a dictionary，两个宾语，一个是人、一个是物〕 中英文语序一致 五、主+谓+宾+宾补 We made him our monitor. 我们选他当班长 〔him与 our monitor，都是指同一个人，our monitor是对him的补充说明〕 中英文语序一致 Nothing is impossible to a willing heart! 有志者事竟成！ 第二讲 be动词的形式和用法 一、be动词的形式：be、am、is、are、was、were、being 、been The man is back. They are back. He was back. They were back. They have been back. I’ll be back. 上述“back〞是副词，构成主系表结构。 二、be动词的用法：起到联系前后的作用(一般翻译为“是〞，或无实意而不作翻译)，多用于主系表结构。后面接名词、形容词、地点副词或短语作补足语成分。 The man is a teacher. a teacher是名词 Mary’s new dresses are colorful. colorful是形容词 My mother was in the kitchen. in the kitchen是地点副词。 I am 20. 数词也可做表语 It’s me. 代词也可做表语 三、be动词的练习 他们是教师 They are teachers. 他曾是一名教师 He was a teacher before. 他已经当了3年的教师 He has been a teacher for 3 years. 第三讲 be动词的否认/提问/回答 一、be动词的否认 在am、is、are、was、were后面加not 缩略式am not，isn’t,aren’t,wasn’t,weren’t The man isn’t back. I am not back. They aren’t back. He wasn’t back. They weren’t back. 二、使用be动词提问和回答 Is he a teacher？ Yes,he is./No,he isn’t. Are you a teacher? Yes,I am./No,I am not. Were they teachers? Yes,they were./No,they weren’t. 三、be动词的练习： 他是医生吗？ Is he a doctor? 不，他不是 No,he isn’t. 他们昨天在教室吗？ Were they in the classroom yesterday? Yes,they were./No,they weren’t. 他们昨天不在教室 They weren’t in the classroom yesterday. 第四讲 代词的主格和宾格 主格代词：I he she it you we they 1、I am a teacher. 2、He is a teacher. 3、You are teachers. 宾格代词：me him her it you us them He likes me. We like her. I like them. 练习 我喜欢它 I like it. 2、他们认识他 They know him. 第五讲