学位英语语法-时态与语态.pdfVIP

句子成分简介： 主语（ subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. Who will be our monitor hasn ‘t been decided yet.（主语从句 ） 谓语（ predicate ） :说明主语的动作、状态和特征 We study English. 宾语： 1)动作的承受者 —— 动宾 I like China. 2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词 —— 介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? 3) 双宾语 —— 间宾 (指人 )和直宾 (指物 ) He gave me a book yesterday. I want to know what they ‘re talking about.（宾语从句） 系动词亦称联系动词（ Link Verb ），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后 边必须跟表语（亦称补语） ，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 常见的系动词有 : be, sound(听起来 ) ， look( 看起来 )， feel( 摸起来 ) ，smell( 闻起来 ) ，taste(尝、 吃起来 )， remain(保持，仍是 ) ， feel( 感觉 ) , turn(变成）。 表语（ predicative ）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. Five and five is ten. He is asleep. The food tastes good. This is what I want. （表语从句） 宾补： 对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. We all think it a pity that she did n ’t come here. We will make them happy. We found nobody in. Please make yourself at home. Don’t let him do that. (省 to 不定式 ) 主补： 对主语的补充。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 定语： 修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Tom is a chemistry teacher.(名词 ) He is our friend. ( 代词 ) We belong to the third world. ( 数词 ) He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词 ) The man over there is my old friend.( 副词 ) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. ( 介词 ) The boys playing football are in Cla2. ( 现在分词 ) The trees planted last year are growing well now. ( 过去分词 ) The next train to arrive is from Washington. ( 不定式 ) You should do everything that I do. ( 定语从句 ) 状语： 用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子， 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、 程度、条件、方式或让步。 I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room. The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well. He didn ’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much. If you stud