英语语法：复合句一.pdfVIP

复合句（一） 分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。复合句一直是四级考试的 测试重点，重要考查复合句中关联词的使用。 一．名词性从句：包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从 句，相当于名词。 I ．主语从句： 1．that引导，常用 it 作形式主语。 eg. That he survived the accident is a miracle. (It is a miracle that he survived the accident.) 四种句式： 1）It is + n. + that eg. It… ’s a great pity that you can ’ 2) It is + adj. +that eg. It is surprising that she is (should be) so angry.… 3) It is + 过去分词 + that …eg. It is reported that the number of wild animals in Africa is decreasing. 但：这种句式中必须使用 it作形式主语，主语从句不能提前。 4) It + 不及物动词 + that …eg. It occurred to me that I would travel to Europe. 2 ．Wh- （疑问词）引导： what, -ever 引导的从句一般不能用 it作形式主 语，其他的可以。 eg. How he escaped still puzzles us. (+It still puzzles us how he escaped.) Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear. (=It is yet clear who was responsible …) Whether (不能用 if) he comes or not does not concern me. (=It doesn ’t concern me whether …) 但： What is most important in life isn ’t money. Whoever wants to see the film may get a ticket free. Has it been decided where we will perform the experiment? ( 主语从句是 疑问句时必须用形式主语 ) It doesn ’t matter to me whether she is pleased or not. （It doesn ’t matter 句式中必须用形式主语） II ．宾语从句： 1．that引导。 eg. They promised (us) that they would respect our privacy. 但： I move that a special committee (should) be formed for this matter. ( 谓 语表主观愿望，从句用虚拟语气 ) I heard it said that the meeting would be postponed. （宾语后带补语， 一般用 it作形式宾语） She took it for granted that you knew the matter. ( 固定搭配中使用形式 宾语 ) 注： doubt, doubtful 引导从句时，如果主句为肯定句，连接词用 whether/ if ；否定或疑问，则用 that连接。 I don ’t doubt that he will pass the examination. I am doubtful whether I should tell the story to her. 2 ．wh- 引导：从句看似疑问，但不用倒装语序，且连接词在从句主语之