宾语从句的常用用法归纳.docVIP

宾语从句，是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。 假如一个句子作谓语动词的宾语的话，我们把这个宾语叫做宾语从句。 宾语从句的完整结构是“主句+引导词+从句”。 Eg: He said that he visit his teacher last year 通常引导陈述句的引导词是“that” 引导一般疑问句的引导词是“if”和“whether” 引导特殊疑问句的引导词则是众多的特殊疑问代词或疑问副词, what who when 等。 Eg: He asked me if (whether) I was a teacher. 直接引语变成宾语从句 直接引语：直接引用别人说的话 间接引语：转达别人说的话 直接引语变成宾语从句，如果冒号，引号里是陈述句形式，要用“that”引导，同时从句中的人称，时态，指示代词，地点状语等都要发生相应的变化。 一主是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。 如：She said. My brother wants to go with me. →She said her brother wanted to go withher. 二宾是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称。如：He said to Kate. How is your sister now?→He asked Kate how her sister was then 三不变是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。 如：Mr Smith said. Jack is a good worker。→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker 一般现在时——一般过去时 一般过去时——现在完成时 现在进行时——过去进行时 一般将来时——过去将来时 现在完成时——过去完成时 过去完成时——过去完成时 Eg: She said. I have lost a pen. →She said she had lost a pen现在完成时——过去完成时 She said. He will go to see his friend. →She said he would go to see his friend一般将来时——过去将来时 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 1.直接引语是客观真理。（地球围着太阳公转，月亮影响潮汐） The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 2.直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如： Jack said. John, where were you going when I met you in the street?→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。 3.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Xiao Wang said. I was born on April 2l, 1980。 →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 21,1980。 4.直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如： He said, I get up at six every morning。 →He said he gets up at six every morning。 5.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如： Peter said. You had better come here today。 →Peter said I had better go there that day。 直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由现在改为原来（例：now变为then,yesterda