第二章-1农田水利学.pptVIP

第二章 作物需水量和灌溉用水量 彭曼-蒙特斯公式(联合国粮农组织推荐公式) 彭曼-蒙特斯公式(联合国粮农组织推荐公式)算例EXCEL （4）作物系数 （1）什么是灌溉制度 （2）灌溉制度是如何确定的？ Energy balance equations Net Radiation Soil Heating Air Heating Latent Heat Evap Transfer of moisture away from leaf: Rate of transfer = potential/resistance Rn= net radiation [MJ m-2 d-1] Rns= net shortwave radiation [MJ m-2 d-1] Radiation Term When radiation data are not available, the net radiation Rn can be estimated as follows: Ra= extraterrestrial radiation [MJ m-2 d-1] N= relative sunshine fraction [] Rnl= net longwave radiation [MJ m-2 d-1] Tkx= maximum temperature [K] Tkn= minimum temperature [K] ed= actual vapour pressure [kPa] Ra= extraterrestrial radiation [ML m-2 d-1] dr= relative distance Earth - Sun = solar declination [rad] ψ= latitude [rad] ωs= sunset hour angle [rad] Extraterrestrial Radiation (Ra) Extraterrestrial radiation is a function of the latitude and time of the year. Ra values can be obtained from tables (Table AI) or calculated as follows: J can be determined fo reach day(D) of month (M) by: If M 3 then J=J+2 If leap year and M2, then J=J The soil heat flux (G) is estimated for a daily periods (effective soil depth 0.18m ) as follows: For monthly periods (effective soil depth 2.0 m) the soil heat flux (G) can be estimated as: T mean air temperature of day (month). Since the magnitude of daily soil heat flux over 10-30 day periods is relatively small, it normally can be neglected and thus G = 0 Slope Vapour Pressure Curve (D) D= slope vapour pressure curve [kPa oC-1] T= air temperature [oC] ea = saturation vapour pressure at temperature T [kPa] Saturation Vapour Pressure ea= saturation vapour pressure [kPa] T= temperature [oC] 饱和水气压~温度关系曲线 Psychrometric Constant γ= psychrometric constant [kPa oC-1] P= atmospheric pressure [kPa] l= latent heat [MJ kg-1] Latent Heat of Vaporisation λ = latent heat of vaporisatio