项目及样卷-样卷1中英文版2014.docVIP

Sample Test Questions For Test 1 测试1的问题示例 Short Answer Questions（简答题）: a) What pattern is used when a class wants its subclasses to specify the objects it creates? （当一个类想要其子类确定它创建的对象时使用什么模式？） b) What pattern is also known as recursive composition? （什么模式也称作递归组合？） 2) Select a pattern (other than Singleton) and discuss its potential uses, advantages and disadvantages. （选择一个模式（除单例模式外）并讨论其潜在用途和优缺点） 3) The following patterns were listed as reducing tight coupling: Abstract Factory, Facade, Observer. Select one of these patterns and discuss how the pattern reduces coupling.（下列模式均用于降低紧耦合：抽象工厂、外观和观察者，选择其中一个模式并讨论它是如何降低耦合度的。） 4) What is the Open-Closed Principle? Give a small code example which illustrates the principle. （什么是开闭原则？给出一小段代码实例来说明该原则。） 5) An indexed web page consists of a title and a list of label-URL pairs (the label is what is written on the web page, the URL is what is followed when the user selects that label). An indexed web page must support an operation to display itself (but might support a variety of other operations as well). We would like to be able to display a particular indexed web page in a variety of formats, including (but not limited to) a left-aligned, bulleted list of items; a centered, bulleted list of items; and a two-column table, where each column contains a bulleted list of items. We have several design constraints. First, clients should be able to have a particular indexed webobject display itself using different layouts at different times. Second, because displaying a list of indices is likely to be useful in other, more complex, types of web page classes, we want to be sure that we can easily reuse the code that accomplishes this task in other places. Select the most appropriate design pattern to use to address the problem and show how it is applied. In particular, show an appropriate class diagram(s) and enough code fragments to illustrate your use of the pattern to solve the problem. 一个索引的网页由一个标题和一个标签-URL对（标签是写在网页上的内容，URL是当用户选择某个标签后