英语构词法总结.docVIP

英语构词法总结 英语构词法总结 PAGE 英语构词法总结 构词法 ? 前缀：通常改变词义 后缀：通常改变词性 a- : amoral 不道德的 apathy 无情 dis: dishonest, disappear, disloyal, disorder in/ir/ il/im: incorrect injustice impossible illegal irregular non: non-scientist non-smoker non-stop un: unhappy, unreal, unofficial, unfair ? 3）贬义前缀 mal-, mis-, pseudo-(伪…,假…) maltreat，malfunction 机能失常，malnutrition mislead, misinform, misfortune pseudoscientific, pseudo-realism well: well-known, well-informed 5) 表示态度或倾向的前缀 anti-(反对，防止)：antiwar, antiaircraft防空袭的 contra-(反对，相反)：contradict, contra-dance counter-(反对，相反)：counteraction反作用 pro-(亲，赞成)：pro-American, pro-slavery 6) 表示时间或顺序 ex-表示前任的，从前的：ex-wife, ex-president fore-前，先：forefather, forethought深谋远虑 post-后的：post-war, postgraduate pre-前的：pre-war, premature re-再：remarriage, reconsider 7) 表示地点的前缀 extra-以外的：extra-official, extralegal fore-在前边: forehead, forefather, foretell inter-在…之间: international, interschool tele-远距离的: telecommunication, telescope trans-穿越:transplant in-内,里: inside, inland, invade super-在…之上: superstructure上层建筑 8) 表数字的前缀 uni-（统一的）：uniform, unisex(男女皆宜的) mono-(单一): monologue, monoxide一氧化碳 bi-(二个): bicycle, bi-lingual di-(双倍的，两重的): dialogue, dioxide二氧化碳 multi-(多的)：multimedia semi-（半的） semiautomatic半自动的 hemi-(半的):hemisphere半球 tri-(三个)：triangle, tricolor三色旗 centi-(百分之一)：centimeter厘米，centigram厘克 有些前缀可改变词性 a-, be-, en/em- asleep, awake befriend, beloved enforce, enable, endanger, encourage, enrich, enlarge 常用后缀 1.指人的后缀 - eer: engineer, pioneer, volunteer -er/or: singer, teacher, visitor, actor -ess: actress, hostess -ster: youngster, gangster -an, ian, ese国家的人：Australian, American -ant, ent: assistant, applicant, dependant -ician: electrician, technician -ist: scientist, communist, typist, chemist -ism: socialism, realism 2. 名词的后缀 -age, -al, -ion/-sion/-ation/-tion, -dom, -hood, -ity, -ment, -ness, -ship, -th, -ty, -ure, -ics, -logy 3. 形容词的后缀 名词变形容词：-ed, -ful, -ish, -less, -like, -ly, -y, -c, -ous 动词变形容词： -able/ible: arguable, permissible -tive/si