20版英语《高中全程学习方略》外研版必修三Module 4 Grammar.pptVIP

Module 4　Sandstorms in Asia Grammar 动词不定式和but+动词不定式 【新知导引】 观察上面对话, 并合并句子: The government is planting trees. To prevent sandstorms coming nearer, the government is doing so. →_____________________________________ __________________________ To prevent sandstorms coming nearer, the government is planting trees. ? 【要义详析】 一、动词不定式 1. 动词不定式的形式。 to be done(被动) to do(主动) 不定式的一般式(表示不定式的动作通常与谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生) to have been done(被动) to have done(主动) 不定式的完成式(表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前) to be doing(主动) 不定式的进行式(表示不定式的动作正在进行且与谓语动作同时发生) *We decided to leave early. 我们决定早点动身。 *I’m sorry to hear that. 听到那事我很难过。 *He seems to be saying something. 他似乎在说什么。 *He seems to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。 *I should like to have come earlier. 我本想早点来的。 【巧学助记】 不定式有标记, to与动词连一起。 没有人称数变化, 动词特点它具备。 主宾定状表补语, 唯独作谓不可以。 not 加上不定式, 否定结构要牢记。 疑问词与不定式, 构成短语有意义。 仔细推敲多思考, 准确判断有依据。 【即学活用】 语法填空 (1)(2019·天津高考)The sign on the wall of the library says, “No magazine is allowed __________ (take)out of the reading room”. 世纪金榜导学号? to be taken (2) __________(prevent) the disease, they would like _____(do) what they can ______(help) us. ? (3) The meeting _________(hold) tomorrow is about how __________(improve) our life. ? (4)(2019?全国卷Ⅱ)She had no plans _______(retire) from her 36-year-old business. ? To prevent to do to help to be held to improve to retire 2. 动词不定式的语法功能。 (1)作主语: 当动词不定式作主语时, 常用it作形式主语, 把不定式后置。 *To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 *It’s very important to remember this. 记住这一点很重要。 (2)作表语: ①不定式作表语一般表示具体动作, 特别是表示将来的动作。 ②如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词, 或是what引导的名词性从句, 不定式作表语对主语起补充说明作用。 *We are to meet at the station at three. 我们约定3点钟在车站见面。 *Our aim is to go to a key university. 我们的目标就是上重点大学。 (3)作宾语: *Remember to post the letter. 记得把信寄了。 *I hope to be staying with you. 我希望和你待在一起。 (4)作宾语补足语: *He warned me not to touch it. 他警告我不要触碰它。 *What caused him to change his mind? 什么使他改变主意的? (5)作定语: *It is a pleasant thing to remember. 这是一件值得记住的愉快的事。 *He is not a man to