电子商务与民航信息化(ppt ).pptxVIP

e-Commerce IT in Aviation 电子商务 民航信息化 2004.12.152005.12.112006.6.92006.5.22成为 具有国际知名度的航空公司 新闻回放中国BSP将于今年10月16日停发纸质机票。国际航空运输协会“简化商务”目标简化商务电子客票自助登机二维条码无线射频识别电子货运电子商务是航空业的救命稻草！电子商务是航空业的救命稻草？电子商务 = （eCommerce + eBusiness) 替代产品和服务By making the overall industry more efficient, the internet can expand the size of the market.The proliferation of internet approaches creates new substitution threats.上游供应商议价能力同业竞争者消费者和分销渠道的议价能力Procurement using the internet tends to raise bargaining power over suppliers, though it can also give suppliers access to more customers.The internet provides a channel for suppliers to reach end users, reducing the leverage of intervening companies.Internet procurement and digital markets tend to give all companies equal access to suppliers, and gravitate procurement to standardized products that reduce differentiation.Reduced barriers to entry and the proliferation of competitors downstream shifts power to suppliers.Reduces differences among competitors as offerings are difficult to keep proprietary.Migrates competition to price.Widens the geographic market, increasing the number of competitorsLowers variable cost relative to fixed cost, increasing pressures for price discounting.Eliminates powerful channels or improves bargaining power over traditional channels.Shifts bargaining power to end consumers.Reduces switching costs.Reduces barriers to entry as the need for a sales force, access to channels, and physical assets – anything that internet technology eliminates or makes easier to do reduces barriers to entry.Internet applications are difficult to keep proprietary form new entrants.A flood of new entrants has come into many industries.行业壁垒How the Internet Influences Industry Structure (Porter, Michael 2022)不透明(Based on volume)TRADITIONALTRAVEL AGENTSELECTIVE BARGAINING POWERCOMPETITIVE INTENSITYBUYERSUPPLIERONLINE TRAVEL AGENTCOLLECTIVE BARGAINING POWER(Based on real-time information)完全透明“价格”是互联网上最容易被传递和比较的参数。议价能力的转移 “Internet tends to weaken