GRE阅读练习：环境对智商实际影响分析.docxVIP

Word文档下载后（可任意编辑） 第 第 PAGE 1 页 共 NUMPAGES 1 页 GRE阅读练习：环境对智商实际影响分析 GRE阅读训练：GRE阅读练习：环境对智商实际影响分析 GRE考试精品课程指导  And at genius levels of IQ, girls are not as far behind boys as they used to be  而在智商达到天才水平的人数上，女孩不再和从前一样远远落在男孩后面。  SCIENCE has few more controversial topics than human intelligence—in particular, whether variations in it are a result of nature or nurture, and especially whether such variations differ between the sexes.  在科学领域，没有什么话题比人类智力这一话题更有争议了，而智力的差异是天赋使然还是后天培养造成的?以及这种差异是否与性别相关?  The mines in this field can blow up an entire career, as Larry Summers found out in 2005 when he spoke of the hypothesis that the mathematical aptitude needed for physics and engineering, as well as for maths itself, is innately rarer in women than in men.  这两个问题尤为如此。拉里萨默斯在2005年发现，这块领域上的地雷足以毁掉整个一个人职业生涯，他当时谈到一个假设，物理学，工程学还有数学本身都需要一定的数学天分，而女性的数学天分天生就比不上男性。  He resigned as president of Harvard University shortly afterwards.  此后不久，他便辞去了哈佛大学校长的职务。  It is bold, therefore, of Jonathan Wai, Martha Putallaz and Matthew Makel, of Duke University in North Carolina, to enter the fray with a paper that addresses both questions.  因此，杜克大学的乔纳森维，马萨普塔拉兹和马修马可的作为可谓大胆，他们发表了一篇论文，对上面两个问题均有所论述，使他们加入了这场争论。  In this paper, just published in Current Directions in Psychological Science, they describe how they sifted through nearly three decades of standardised tests administered to American high-school students to see what had been happening to the countrys brightest sparks.  该论文刚刚发表在《心理科学最新动向》上，描述了他们如何对近三十年来美国高中学生参加的标准化考试结果进行筛选，以获知在美国最聪明的天才们身上发生了什么。  They draw two conclusions. One is that a phenomenon called the Flynn effect applies in particular to the brightest of the bright.  他们得出两个结论。一个结论是被称为弗林效应的现象对天才当中最聪明的那些尤为适用。  The other is that part, but not all, of the historic difference between the brainiest men and women has vanished.  另一个结论是最聪明的男性和女性人数之间的历史差距只是缩小了一段，而非完全消失。  The three researchers drew their data from Duke Universit