普生姜2生物的分界.pptxVIP

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  • 2021-11-06 发布于北京
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第二篇 生物的结构基础—细胞;1.细胞的大小 Size of Cell;1.植物细胞的基本结构;2.动物细胞的基本结构;3.动植物细胞的主要区别;植物特有结构与功能 ( The Uniqueness of Plants) 1)质体与光合作用(Plastids and Photosynthesis) ;A model of Ultrastructure of chloroplast 叶绿体的超微结构模型;Translation of plastids;2)细胞壁结构 (Structure of Cell Wall) Cell walls surround and shape the plant cell 细胞壁围绕细胞,并形成 细胞的形状 Cell wall under Electron microscope;细胞壁的亚显微结构 Ultrastructures of cell wall;微纤丝;Cell walls are non-living materials outside the plant cell membrane 细胞壁为非活性物质 Cell walls perform a variety of functions 细胞壁执行多种功能 Protection, support, transport, secretion   保护    支持  运输   分泌 The cell walls are produced by special organelles inside the cytoplasm, e.g. secreting vesicles(分泌泡) from Golgi Body (高尔基体) Cell walls may also accumulate a variety of other molecules secreted by the cell, including enzymes(酶), mucilaginous exudates(黏液), polyphenolics(酚类), pigments(色素),cutin (角质) found on leaves , ligtin (木质)and suberin (栓质)found in different regions of roots and stems. ; Early development of cell wall is from vesicles of Golgi system. The cell wall originates in mitosis (有丝分裂) when the cell plate is formed by the fusion of a large number of vesicles. ;Plasmodesmata 胞间连丝 ;3)液泡 Vacuole Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles within the cell that are filled with a liquid called cell sap (细胞液). ;3) Vacuole 液泡 Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles within the cell that are filled with a liquid called cell sap (细胞液). ;Forming of vacuoles 液泡的形成;细胞膜的信号传导功能;§ Growth and differentiation of cell 细胞的生长与分化;细胞的分化 Differentiation;研究细胞的工具---显微镜  Microscope; ;二界系统;三大领域生命的细胞(三界);;六界系统; ;第三篇 原核生物界及病毒;一、病毒的类型 二、病毒的结构 三、病毒的增殖 四、病毒与疾病;病毒的概念 Concept of Virus  是一类形体极其微小、结构十分简单,能侵染 特定活细胞的遗传因子。具有下列特征:   能通过细菌过滤器;    有一核酸(DNA或RNA)组成的核心+蛋白外壳 有的有外膜(来自寄主); 需要借助侵染活细胞的代谢体系来增殖; 在体(细胞)外,可以惰性大分子长期存在,保持感染力; 细胞内,可潜伏存在,并保持活化的能力 是介于生物与非生物间的极其简单的生命形式。 ;一

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