2020年高考英语语法专项突破训练专题20-直接引语和间接引语.docxVIP

专题二十直接引语和间接引语 重难点分析 引用别人的话有两种方式，一种是直接引用别人原句，这叫直接引语，要用引号；另一种是用自己的 话来转述别人话，且不能用引号，这是间接引语。 、直接引语和间接引语的区别 直接引语 直接引述别人的话，用双引号 (…) 间接引语 转述别人的话，不用双引号 二、直接引语改为间接引语时，如引述动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词、时间、时态、地点、人称 等一般要作相应的变化。遵循下列规律： 在直接引语中 在间接引语中 指示代词 this that these those 时间状语 now then today that day yesterday the day before last week the week before tomorrow the next day next year the next year two days ago two days before 地点状语 here there 动词时态 (以work为例) 一般现在时(work) 一般过去时(worked) 现在进行时(is/are working) 过去进行时(was/were working) 现在完成时(have/has worked) 过去元成时(had worked) 一般过去时(worked) 过去元成时(had worked) 过去元成时(had worked) (不变)(had worked) 一般将来时(will work) 过去将来时(would work) 动词变化 can/may could/might must had to  come go bring take 三、各种句型的直接引语改成间接引语时的相应变化 句型 变化要领 例句 陈述句 连接词用that,在口语中可省略 She said, “He will be busy. She said that he would be busy. 一般疑问句 连接词用if或whether ,改为陈 述语序 She said to Tom, Can you help me? fShe asked Tom if/whether he could help her. 特殊疑问句 用原句中的疑问词作连接词， 改 为陈述语序 The teacher asked, How did you repair it?” fThe teacher asked me how I had repaired it. 祈使句 用动词+宾语+不定式”结构 The mother said, Tom, get up early, please.” fThe mother asked Tom to get up early. 四、直接引语变间接引语时，几种不变的特殊情况 小艾的情况 例句 直接引语是客观真理或谚 （习）语 The teacher said, The earth goes around the sun.” fThe teacher said that the earth goes around the sun. 被引述的部分是反复出现的、习惯性的动作或说 话时情况仍然存在 He said, We are still students.” fHe said they are still students. 引语中有明确的表示过去的时间状语，时态不变 He said to me, I was born in 1998.” 一 He told me that he was born in 1998. 引述部分含有insist, suggest, demand等引导的虚 拟宾语从句，变间接引语时，引语中的主从句时 态都/、变 She said, He demanded that the girl leave at once.” fShe said he demanded that the girl leave at once. 引述动词是现在时，则间接引语中的动词、时间 状语、时态的形式不变 She says, “ll never forget the moment.” fShe says that she 】l never forget the moment. 五、其他注意事项 1.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为 tell, ask, order, beg等。如: Don t make any noiSshe said to the children. f She told/ordered the children not to make any noise. 2.直接引语如果是以 Lets开头的祈使句，变间接引语时，常用 suggest+动名词（或从句）。如: He said,