环境化学第一章.ppt

第一章　绪　论Chapter 1. Introduction;《环境化学》 第一章 绪论; 第一节 环境化学 1.1 Environmental Chemistry;; All matter is chemical; we are chemical The human body is a complex chemical factory; 1928年由英国细菌学家弗莱明发现了青霉素，1940年，牛津大学的病理学家弗洛里和病理化学家钱恩合成了青霉素。三人获1945年诺贝尔生理学和医学奖。青霉素的成功合成带动了药物合成革命，而且至今青霉素都是一个廉价有效的抗生素。但是一些抗生素的滥用，造成环境积累，对生态系统产生危害。 ;“By sensible definition， any by-product of a chemical operation for which there is no profitable use is a waste. The most convenient, least expensive way of disposing of said waste —— up the chimney or down the river —— is best.”;全球十大环境污染事件;Chemistry is required to deal with environmental problems and challenges to sustainability Of all professionals, chemists are the best qualified to understand environmental problems from the misuse of chemicals The practice of environmentally beneficial chemistry is not a burden, but rather an opportunity that challenges human imagination and ingenuity Green Chemistry seeks to present a body of chemical knowledge from the most fundamental level within a framework of the relationship between chemical science and human beings, their surroundings, and their environment. ; 第一节 环境化学 1.1 Environmental Chemistry;二、什么是环境化学 What is Environmental Chemistry;Environmental Chemistry may be defined as the study of the sources, reactions, transport, effects, and fates of chemical species in water, soil, air, and living environments and the effects of technology thereon.;3. 研究内容：环境化学研究有害物质在环境介质中存在的来源、浓度水平和形态，它们在个别环境介质中和不同介质间的环境化学行为，有害物质对环境和生态系统及人体健康产生效应的机制和风险性，有害物质已造成影响的缓解和消除及防止产生危害的方法和途径。 ;Hazardous Compounds;atmosphere;; 第一节 环境化学 1.1 Environmental Chemistry;三、 元素地球化学循环 Geochemical Cycle of Elements;《环境化学》 第一章 绪论;2.碳的循环（Carbon Cycle）;;3.氮的循环（Nitrogen Cycle）;3. 氮的循环（Nitrogen Cycle）;From Environmental Chemistry, S.E. Manahan, CRC Press, 2004;From Environmental Chemistry, S.E. Manahan, CRC Press, 2004; 第一节 环境化学 1.1 Environmental Chemistry;四、 环境化学的前沿 Frontier