清华大学李艳梅有机化学绪论.pptxVIP

清华大学李艳梅有机化学绪论第1页/共142页ContentPart I Organic compounds and organic chemistry ------ History 第一部分 有机化合物与有机化学 －－ 历史简介Part II Fundamental Knowledge 第二部分 基础知识 ● Structure, reaction Classification ● Formulas ● Nomenclature ● NMR, IR, UV MS第2页/共142页1. Organic compounds and organic chemistry第一部分有机化合物和有机化学 Introduction and a brief history 有机化学历史简介 Character of organic compound 有机化合物的特性 Research fields in organic chemistry 有机化学研究领域 The methods to study organic chemistry and how to learn organic chemistry 有机化学研究方法及如何学习有机化学课程CmHnm value around 8第3页/共142页 Introduction and a brief history 有机化学历史简介有机化学 ？有机化合物 ？Gasoline（汽油）Starch（淀粉）第4页/共142页乙酰水杨酸（阿斯匹林）Salicylic acidAcetylsalicylic acid第5页/共142页Organic Chemistry in the History古埃及人利用有机化合物处理尸体To make human body into a mummy, formalin was often employed in ancient Egypt. Formalinaqueous solution of formaldehyde甲 醛Wine was invented before Xia dynasty. By Zhou dynasty, wine has become very important in sacrifice events. 制酒第6页/共142页?周礼?Vinegar production has already become an expect technology by Zhou dynasty. 制醋第7页/共142页Dyeing has become am important industry before Zhou dynasty. 染色茜草第8页/共142页By the 18th century, some pure organic compounds were obtained.Turtric acid was obtained from grape juice, citric acid was abstracted from lemon juice, and urea was purified from urine.第9页/共142页The demise of vitalismIn ancient ages, mixtures of organic compounds were abstracted from natural products. Chinese traditional drug, dye, and perfume are of this kind.1828, preparation of urea from inorganic compounds indicates the demise of “vitalism”.In 1806, famous chemist, Berzelius J. first used the word “organic chemistry”, and states, organic compounds could not be produced without “vital force（生命力）”第10页/共142页氰酸铵The fact that organic compounds could be obtained from inorganic compounds without the help of organism was not accepted for a long time.In 1845 acetic acid and in 1854 ester were separately synthesized from inorganic compound