初中英语被动语态笔记版总结教案资料.pdfVIP

精品文档 初中英语被动语态小结 一． 语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。 语态有两种：________语态和__________语态。 如果主语是动作的执行者要用__________语态；如果主语是动作的承受者,则用____________语态。 二． 被动语态构成： 1.一般现在时:am/is/are + done 2. 一般过去时:was/were+ done 3. 一般将来时:will/shall be + done 4. 现在进行时:am/is/are being + done 5. 过去进行时:was/were being + done 6. 现在完成时:have/has been + done 7. 过去完成时:had been + done 8. 情态动词：must / may / might + be done. 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如:Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于 1981 年。 (2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。 例如:The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。 Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中 动词的时态来决定 be 的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词 by 之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如: All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. _____________________________________________ 五、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由情态动词+be+过去分词构成,原来带to 的情态动词变成被动语态 后to仍要保留。 We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. They should do it at once. It should be done at once. 六、特殊情况 1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 What will happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 2.一些动词如 sell(销售) , wash(洗), clean(打扫), burn(燃烧), cook(煮)等与副词如 well(好), easily(容 易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用 ,描会事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是主语+动词+加副词。例如: The book sells well. 这种书很畅销。 精品文档 精品文档 These clothes wash easily. 这些衣服很易洗。 3. 使役动词使用省略 to 的动词不定式(make hear notice see let)主动语态中不带 to ，但变为被动语态时，须 加上 to 。 He let Daming do his homework → Daming was let to do his homework. He saw Daming do his homework →Daming was seen to do his homework.