暑假教案12-高三英语-分词-教师版.docxVIP

分词 分词 分词是一种非谓语动词形式。分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。分词既具有动词的一些特征，可自状语，有自己的逻辑主语，现在分词还可以带宾语，有时态和语态的变化。它同时又具有形容词和副词的句法功能，可以作表语、定语、状语，也可以用于复合结构作宾语补足语等。 （一）现在分词和过去分词的区别 在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义； 在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。 如：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶 （二）分词的句法功能 一）作表语 分 词 例 句 现在分词 多表示主语所具有的特征 The day was so charming. The film is very moving. 过去分词 多表示主语所处的状态 I’m interested in the book. He was moved. We are determined to overcome the difficulty. 注：大多数作表语的过去分词都来自及物动词，只有一小部分来自不及物动词。例如：gone, come, fallen, risen, arrived, returned, passed, changed, faded等，这些主要是表示运动及转变的不及物动词，它们用作表语时带有书面语色彩，而且使用范围很窄。例如： Summer is gone. 夏天过去了。 Autumn is come. 秋天到了。 The leaves are fallen．树叶落了。 The sun is risen.太阳升起来了。 二）作宾补 分词可以在感官动词和使役动词等后与一个名词（代词）构成复合宾语。若表动作进行，分词与宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词；若表动作完成，分词与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词。常用于以下结构： 1）感官动词：see/ look at/ watch/ notice/ observe/ witness/ hear/ listen to/ smell/ feel + sb/sth + doing/done I saw a book lying there A book was seen lying there. He found his hometown greatly changed after many years. 2）表发现、致使：find/ discover/ catch/ get/ have/ leave/ keep /send/ set/ start + sb/sth + doing A flood hit the area the other day, leaving few houses standing. I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. The girl who was caught cheating has admitted her mistake. A sudden rain sent the players and the audience running in all directions for cover. 3）表心理、致使：consider/ have/ get/ keep/ leave/ make + sb/sth + done It is time that you had your washing machine repaired. I will try my best to get my English improved. I considered this problem settled. 区别have sb do | have sb/sth doing | have sth done: have sb do表示让某人做某事，此时have可与make, let, cause, get替换（cause, get后要加to） The teacher had the students clean the classroom. have sb doing①表示让某人/某物一直做某事或使某物一直处于某种状态;②表示客观上有某情况在进行或持续;③表示容忍或允许某人做某事，主要用于否定式，常与 won’t, can’t 连用 He had the light burning all night. I looked up and found we had water dripping through the ceiling. I won’t have yo