暑假教案10-高三英语-动词不定式-教师版.docxVIP

动词不定式 动词不定式 动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”有时可以不带to，否定式：not + (to) do。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，可以担任主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式仍保留动词的一些特点。 一）不定式的句法功能 （1）作主语： 　　To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 　　To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。 　　动词不定式 短语作主语时，常用it作 形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，上面两句可用如下形式： It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose your heart. 常用句式有： It+be+名词+to do It takes sb+some time+to do It+be+形容词+of/for sb +to do How + adj. + it is + to do sth.! 如果句中的形容词表示人物特征或品质，常同of搭配构成 “It is + 形容词＋of＋代词（名词）＋不定式”句型。如： bold, brave, careful, careless, considerate, cruel, rude, generous, right, wrong, kind, nice, good, polite, clever, wise, foolish, silly等。 表示事物性质的形容词如easy, difficult, hard, important, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, necessary常同for 搭配。 （2）作表语： 1．主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果），如： To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe. 2．主语是以aim, intention, purpose, duty, hope, dream, idea, plan, proposal, suggestion, job, mistake等为中心词的名词词组，或以 what 引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容，如： My idea is to climb the mountain from the north. Your mistake was not to write that letter. My suggestion is to start work at once. What I would suggest is to start work at once. 注：在某些句型中，当主语部分有动作动词do 时，作表语的不定式可以省略符号 “to”，如： All we have to do is push the button. The only thing I can do now is go on by myself. All I could do was send him a telegram. （3）作宾语： 1．“动词 + 带 to 的不定式结构”。这类动词高中主要有：agree, aim, afford, appear, attempt, choose, demand, decide, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, hope, happen, hesitate, hurry, intend, long, manage, offer, plan, prefer, pretend, promise, pray, prove, refuse, resolve, remain, strive, struggle, seem, tend, unite, volunteer, wish. I’ve arranged to meet him at ten o’clock. I didn’t expect to find you here. 注：如果作宾语的不定式结构有自己的补语，则应使用先行 it，把不定式后置，例如