案例教案大二下遗传.pptx

;Non-Mendelian Inheritance;Outline ;Genomic imprinting Reprogramming of gene expression X chromosome inactivation Epigenetics and disease Epimutation Cancer Aging Mitochondrial inheritance Characteristics of mitochondrial inheritance Common mitochondrial diseases ;To according with Mendel’s law Law of Segregation (The First Law) Law of Independent Assortment (The Second Law) Reciprocal cross don’t impact phenotype of offspring ;Show a 3:1 ratio in the F2; Any pattern of inheritance in which traits do not segregate in accordance with Mendel’s laws. Epigenetic Inheritance（表观遗传） Extranuclear Inheritance ??Mitochondrial inheritance，线粒体遗传） Multifactorial inheritance（多因子遗传） Dynamic mutation（动态突变） ; Any pattern of inheritance in which traits do not segregate in accordance with Mendel’s laws. Epigenetic Inheritance（表观遗传） Extranuclear Inheritance （Mitochondrial inheritance，线粒体遗传） Multifactorial inheritance（多因子遗传） Dynamic mutation（动态突变） ;Inheritance;1941-1951,“Position effect variegation” (PEV,位置效应花斑) 1956, Controlling element could suppress expression of gene 1961, One X chr is heterochromatic and inactive. ; Epigenetic phenomenon –change in phenotype that is heritable but does not involve DNA mutation.( 2004, 69th Cold Spring Harbor Symposium) ;Identify the compositional difference(组成差异) of two distinct structures between the two phenotypic states. Maintained mechanism（维持机制）;Location of DNA Methylation Maintenance of DNA Methylation;;5-mc occur nearly exclusively at cytosine residues within the CpG dinucleotide. CpG islands：CpG dinucleotides appear in small clusters.; DNR ;These modifications caused chromatin remodeling(染色质重塑)-chromatin conformation is altered. Euchromatin(常染色质） Heterochromatin（异染色质） Modify in the histone Phosphorylation（磷酸化） Acetylation（乙酰化） Methylation（甲基化） ;Acetylation of histone can active gene expression Effect of histone modification depends on the location. Multiple modification together to modulate t