不同人群的营养(课堂PPT).pptVIP

不同人群的营养 Life Cycle Nutrition;1. 孕妇的营养;孕妇的营养生理特点;激素的变化 人绒毛膜促性腺激素(安胎) 人绒毛膜生长素(促进蛋白质和DNA的合成) 雌激素(促进母体乳房发育) 孕酮(维持子宫内膜及乳房的发育);;;泌尿系统的变化;体重增加; 胎儿: 3.3kg 胎盘、羊水：1.5kg 子宫：1.0kg 血液：1.2kg 乳房：0.4kg 细胞间液：1.5kg 脂肪：2~4kg;怀孕期间体重的要求;孕妇的营养需求 ;热能 估计孕妇整个孕期需要增加热能55000 kcal. 孕中后期增加 200 kcal/day ;;矿物质 钙 孕妇需要更多的钙，因为她们从尿中丢失的钙要比一般妇女多。. The fetus retains about 30 grams of calcium over the course of gestation. Most of the calcium is deposited in the last trimester when the fetal skeleton is growing most rapidly and the teeth are forming. RNI 800mg 孕前期 1000mg 孕中期 1200mg 孕后期 食物来源: 牛奶和奶制品。;铁 缺铁性贫血 低出生体重 preterm delivery Babies born prematurely may not have had time to accumulate sufficient iron, but babies born at term usually have adequate iron even if the mother is deficient. RNI 15mg 1st trimester 25mg 2nd trimester 35mg 3rd trimester 食物来源: 红肉, 绿叶蔬菜, fortified cereals 铁补充剂;锌 Zinc deficiency during pregnancy is associate with an increased risk of fetal malformation and low birth weight. RNI 11.5mg/d 1st trimesrer 16.5mg/d 2nd trimester 16.5mg/d 3nd trimester 碘 Iodine deficiency during pregnancy increases the risk of stillbirth spontaneous abortion and can result in condition in the offspring called cretinism(呆小病）. RNI　　200μg/d;叶酸 and Vitamin B12 叶酸 和 vit B12 是细胞分化必需的 , Adequate folate intakes is crucial even before conception because rapid cell division occurs in the first days and weeks of pregnancy. 四氢叶酸与神经管的形成密切相关。 Deficiencies of folate and vitamin B12 can also result in megalobla