确定主语单复数的三个原则.pdf

主谓一致 一、确定主语单复数的三个原则 1. 语法上一致的原则 根据用作主语的名词的词尾变化，或用作主语的代词的形式来确定谓语的数或人称。 The boy plays football. The boys play football well. 1 在“主语 +系语 +表语结构”中，系动词要与主语的数保持一致，不受其标语的影响 Their greatest concern is the children. The most appreciated gift was the clothes that you sent us. What we need most is books Paul is friends with Bill. 2 与修饰主语的短语连用，谓语至于主语保持一致 along with, as well as, in addition to, accompanied by, rather than, as much as, no less than, including, besides, except, but, like The factory with all its equipment has been burnt. You as wll as I are wrong. The manager, along with his secretaries, is going to a dinner party tonight. 2. 概念上一致的原则 有时根据名词的单数或复数词尾并不能确定谓语动词的形式， 说话人要表达的概念而起着决 定性的作用。 也就是说， 要根据主语所表达的具体含义来确定它的数， 而不是只看表面的词 尾变化。 My family are all early risers. （指家中的全体成员，有复数含义） His family has moved into the new house. （指整个家，用作单数） Five minutes is enough. （一整段时间，看做单数） The crew are waiting for instructions from the captain. （指全体船员，有复数含义） 3. 邻近一致原则 在某些句子中， 谓语动词并不是与整个主语保持一致， 而是要与并列主语中距离它最近的的 名词或代词保持数或人称上的一致。 or, either …or …, neither/not …nor …, not only …but also …, not …but Neither he nor they are wholly right. Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey to Beijing owing to the bad weather. Either your key or my key is missing. Not only they but also their teacher has participated in the party. He or I am in the wrong. 二、谓语用单数形式的情况 1 动名词，动词不定式或主语从句作主语 Reading is a great pleasure in life. To live means to create. That we need more time is obvious. 2 数词或“数词 +复数名词（表示时间，距离，金额，重量，大小，体积等） ”作主语。 Eight hours of sleeo is enough. Five is an odd number. A hundred miles is quite a drive, isn ’t it? Five tons is a heavy load. Ten dollars is too much to pay for that shirt. 3 复数形式的专有名词作主语 The Philippines consists of more than 7,000 islands. The United Nations has its headquarters in