中世纪的医学教学课件.pptVIP

St. SEBASTIAN/圣塞巴斯蒂安 ?3rd century Christian martyr 三世纪的基督教烈士 ?Shot with arrows then beat to death ?Protector from the plague 保护人们免受瘟疫之灾 Saints won reputations for special healing power 圣徒因治疗的能力而获得声誉 St. APOLLONIA/圣阿波罗尼亚 ?3rd century Alexandria ?Virgin martyr ?Tortured: teeth pulled out 把自己的亚全部拔掉 ?Protector from toothache 保护人们免受牙痛之苦 牙医、牙病及牙痛患者的守护神 Saints won reputations for special healing power 圣徒因治疗的能力而获得声誉 理发师医生 一个理发师医生的成功，依赖于患者的感觉： 这位治疗者是否能够适当的解释症状，是否能够有效的治疗疾病。理发师医生无需宣称对疾病的本质有什么系统的理解。 success as a barber surgeon depended on the patients perception of how well the healer could explain the symptoms of the disease and produce an effective treatment, rather than by any claim to a systematic understanding of the nature of disease by the practitioner. The barber surgeon was one of the most common medical practitioners of medieval Europe - generally charged with looking after soldiers during or after a battle. In this era, surgery was not generally conducted by physicians, but by barbers. Barber Surgeons Three Main Diseases in medieval中世纪的三种主要疾病 LEPROSY/麻风病 MADNESS/精神病 BLACK DEATH/黑死病 Three Main Diseases in Medieval LEPROSY麻风病 Symptom of Leprosy lepromatous strain includes a wide variety of indications such as rashes on the face and extremities（手和足，端点，尽头）, thickened skin on the face, and bloody nose. Sufferers could also lose fingers or toes, or become blind due to complications to the condition itself. 麻风病的症状包括，脸部和手足的疹子，脸部皮肤变厚。患者可能会失去手指和脚趾，并发症可能导致患者失明。 Three Main Diseases in Medieval LEPROSY Understanding to leprosy 一些中世纪的文献显示，当时的人们相信麻风病患者正在遭受人间炼狱，因此相比于普通人的痛苦，麻风病人的痛苦具有神圣性。 更多文献显示，麻风病患者被视为存在于生与死之间的人：他们仍然或者，然而被迫在形式上脱离了平凡的存在方式。 （More frequently, lepers were seen to exist in a place between life and death: they were still alive, yet many chose or were forced to ritually separate themselves from mundane existence. ） Three Main Diseases in Medieval LEPROSY warning clappers used by lepers 麻风病人必须随身携带一个拍