第三 西方虎文化的现代化.pptVIP

Empiricism Rationalism ;“empirical”: science and statistics==experiments;Francis Bacon;;Deism;;Baroque: Rubens, Horrors of War With enormous intellectual and physical energy, as well as a large studio of assistants, the great Flemish painter Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) was incredibly productive, and the most influential figure in baroque art in northern Europe. In this dynamic allegory from 1638--Horrors of War--Venus tries to restrain Mars (holding the torch); he is followed by disease and famine. The shrieking lady at left, clad in black, represents miserable Europe. (Palazzo Pitti/The Bridgeman Art Library International );Wurzburg (German Baroque) The baroque style brought architects, painters, and sculptors together in harmonious, even playful partnership. This magnificent monumental staircase in the Prince-Bishops Palace, Wurzburg, designed by Johann Balthasar Neumann (1687-1753) in 1735, merges into the vibrant ceiling frescoes by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (1696-1770). (Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY);Portrait of Elizabeth This anonymous painting of the sixteenth century, dubbed The Armada Portrait, depicts the serene and resolute Elizabeth l flanked by before and after glimpses of the Spanish fleet. Her hand rests on the globe in a gesture of dominion that also memorializes the circumnavigation of the globe by her famous captain, Sir Francis Drake, some years before. (By kind permission of Marquess of Tavistock and Trustees of Bedford Estate);Territorial Gains of Louis XIV, 1667–1715 Louis’s wars, though enormously expensive for France, produced only modest gains of territory along France’s eastern and northern frontiers.;Dutch Commerce in the Seventeenth Century The Dutch supplanted Portuguese control of trade with Asia and dominated seaborne trade within Europe.;English and French in North America, ca. 1700;Louis XIV by Rigaud The best-known portrait of Louis XIV was painted by Hyacinthe Rigaud (1659-1743