The Electoral System英国与美国选举制度.ppt

TheElectoralSystem ------BritainandtheUnitedStates 第一页，编辑于星期二：十三点 四十分。 Buckingham Palace 第二页，编辑于星期二：十三点 四十分。 Electoral system: UK In England, elections have been used as a parliamentary process since the 13th century. The secret ballot was adopted in 1872 and full equal voting rights won for women in 1928. All registered members of the public aged 18 and over may vote in parliamentary elections. The British House of Commons is elected for a maximum of five years; the prime minister can call a general election at any time. 第三页，编辑于星期二：十三点 四十分。 THE LISTING The calling of an election – the election writ By-elections Nomination of candidates Election campaigns and expenses Corrupt practices The parliamentary franchise The poll Disputed elections Effects of the first-past-the-post system Electoral behaviour in Britain 第四页，编辑于星期二：十三点 四十分。 The calling of an election – the election writ The royal proclamation announcing the dissolution of Parliament and the summoning of a new Parliament is the authorization for the writs for a general election. The decision to dissolve Parliament is made by the sovereign on the advice of the prime minister. Under the Parliament Act 1911 the maximum duration of a Parliament is five years. 第五页，编辑于星期二：十三点 四十分。 On average, since 1900 elections have been held between every three and four years. On two occasions in the 20th century two elections have been held in one year: in 1910 and 1974. 第六页，编辑于星期二：十三点 四十分。 By-elections A writ for a by-election is issued by the clerk of the Crown on receipt of the Speaker‘s warrant . A by-election must be held not less than 11 or more than 21 days after the issue of the writ. 第七页，编辑于星期二：十三点 四十分。 Nomination of candidates The House of Commons consists of 659 members, each representing a single-member constituency. Each candidate must be nominated by a proposer, a seconder, and eight other electors. In practice, the overwhelming majorit