Unit5西方文化导论.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Supplementary Resources Supplementary Resources_I_1.2 Passage 1 Passage 1 Christians also took part in fighting against Islamic forces in some Crusades. Crusaders took vows and were granted a plenary indulgence by the pope. The Crusades originally had the goal of recapturing Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim rule and their campaigns were launched in response to a call from the leaders of the Byzantine Empire for help to fight the expansion of the Muslim Seljuk Turks（塞尔柱土耳其人） into Anatolia（安纳托利亚，又名小亚细亚或西亚美尼亚，是亚洲西南部的一个半岛，位于黑海和地中海之间，现属于土耳其）. The term is also used to describe contemporaneous and subsequent campaigns conducted through to the 16th century in territories outside the Levant usually against 第九十五页，编辑于星期二：十七点 五十分。 Supplementary Resources Supplementary Resources_I_1.3 Passage 1 Passage 1 pagans, heretics, and peoples under the ban of excommunication for a mixture of religious, economic, and political reasons. Rivalries among both Christian and Muslim powers led also to alliances between religious factions against their opponents, such as the Christian alliance with the Sultanate（伊斯兰教君主地位） of R?m during the Fifth Crusade. 第九十六页，编辑于星期二：十七点 五十分。 Supplementary Resources Supplementary Resources_I_1.4 Passage 1 Question: Do you know the reason of the Crusades in the Middle Ages? Passage 1 第九十七页，编辑于星期二：十七点 五十分。 Supplementary Resources Supplementary Resources_I_2.1 Passage 2 Universities in the Middle Ages The medieval period was not one of rampant ignorance. The 14th century saw the beginnings of the Renaissance. The engines of this rebirth were the universities. Some were already centuries old by the early 14th century, and it had become popular to assist founding new ones. By 1500, nearly 70 had been founded. While theology and law were the major fields of study, medicine and “natural philosophy”(science)were becoming increasingly popular, and some