大学课程多媒体通信experiment.pptxVIP

Experiment 1 AUDIO PROCESSING 2021-12-8 Goals To learn the procedures of digitizing sound, such as: Sampling Quantization Encoding To learn the significance of sampling and quantization for the audio quality. To learn how to edit and analyze audio. 2021-12-8 Sound Fundamentals The two most important parameters used to characterize the sound waveform are frequency and amplitude. Frequency is the reciprocal of period and represents the number of period within one second. The unit of frequency is Hz. The frequency range of speech is from 300Hz to 3400Hz. Amplitude represents the loudness of sound Digitization of Sound Sound is continuous analog signal, and can not be processed by computer directly. We should convert the analog sound waveform into discrete digital number. To fully digitize, the analog sound signal must be sampled in both time dimension and amplitude dimension, which is referred to as sampling and quantization. 2021-12-8 Digitization of Sound 2021-12-8 Digitization of Sound Filtering and encoding are important to digitization of sound. The analog sound signal should be filtered to remove the unwanted frequency by using a band pass filter. After quantization, encoding is performed to assign a codeword to each output level or symbol of quantization, and a binary bit stream is generated. 2021-12-8 Digitization of Sound 2021-12-8 Sampling Sampling means measuring the amplitude of the sound waveform. The rate at which it performed is called the sampling frequency. For audio, typical sampling rates are from 8 kHz (8000 samples per second) to 48 kHz. The human ear can hear from about 20Hz to as much as 20 kHz; we need to bound our sampling rate from below by at least double this frequency. 2021-12-8 Nyquist rate Nyquist rate To recover the signal, we must use a sampling rate equal to at least twice the maximum frequency content in the signal. If a signal is band-limited and has a lower limit f1and an upper limit f2 of frequency components, we need a