英语笔记分析和总结.pdfVIP

分词独立结构 分词独立结构：分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应 有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。 例：错句：Studying hard,your score will go up. 正确：(1)Studying hard,you can make your score go up. 或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up. 解析：错句中分词 studying 没有自带逻辑主语，则其逻辑主语就是 句子的主语，既 your score . 显然做 study 的应是人，不应是your score （分数）. 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语 一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出 study 的主语,(不 过已经不是分词结构了).分词独立结构常省略 being,having been. 不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略. 如：Game (being) over,he went home. He stands there,book (being) in hand. 独立结构还可用 wit 、without 引导，作状语或定语。这种结构不但 可以用分词，还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。 如：With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon.无事可做，他很快 就睡着了。 The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose.老师进来了，戴 着一付眼镜。（注意，此句on his nose 不可省略！） Unit 5 1. N/pron. + V-ing/V-en 說 明 此為獨立分詞構句的結構，作為句子的修飾語，常以插入句 的形式出現，以逗號與其他句子分開。該名詞/代名詞若為發出動作 的主動者，其後接現在分詞；但若為動作的被動接受者，則其後接過 去分詞。 例 句 1. Night coming on, birds are flying to their nests. (夜幕低垂，鳥兒歸巢。) 2. Weather permitting, well go camping this weekend. (天氣許可的話，我們這個週末要去露營。) 3. My family consists of six people, my parents included. (我家由六個人組成，我的父母包括在內。) ______ 1. The boy is looking at the delicious cake, his mouth __________. (A)is watering (B)waters (C)watering (D)watered ______ 2. His work __________ well, Leos boss let him take a day o . (A)done (B)doing (C)was done (D)did 2. It is/was not + A + that + V + so...as + B A 沒有像B 那麼„ 說 明 此句型為強調用法，將要強調的部份置於be 動詞與that 之 間，再加上原級比較否定句型。 例 句 1. Dave doesnt earn so much as his wife. ®It is not Dave that earns so much as his wife. (Dave賺的沒有他太太那麼多。) 2. Mary doesnt eat so much as you. ®It is not Mary that eats so much as you. (Mary 吃得沒有你 那麼多。) 3. It was not me that got up so early as you. (我沒有你那麼 早起來。) _____ 1. It is not intellect __________ tells so much as character. (A)which (B)that (C)who (D)it 3. S1 + wish + (that)+ S1/S2 + were/would/should/could/might + V had (+ not) + V-en 說 明 wish 後的 that 子句為假設語氣，表示與「事實相反」的意 願，that 通常被省略。表示與現在事實相反，