表面张力及表面活性剂在界面上的吸附.pptxVIP

1;第1页/共86页;表面现象;表面张力与表面自由能;表面张力?(Surface Tension);;;表面张力?(Surface Tension);;表面自由能(Surface Free Energy);表面自由能(Surface Free Energy);表面自由能(Surface Free Energy);表面自由能(Surface Free Energy);表面自由能与表面张力;表面自由能与表面张力;若以表面自由能的单位：J/m2来表示，其数值应该为多少？;Table 3.1: Surface tensions γ of some liquids at different temperatures T.;表面张力的微观成因;思考题;弯曲液面下的附加压力Curved liquid surfaces with additional pressure;弯曲液面下的附加压力;From a comparison of similar triangles, it follows that ;If the surface is to be in mechanical equilibrium, the two work terms as given must be equal, and on equating them and substituting in the expressions for dx and dy, the final result obtained is ;第23页/共86页;第24页/共86页;;Example 2.4. How large is the pressure in a spherical bubble with a diameter of 2 mm and a bubble of 20 nm diameter in pure water, compared with the pressure outside? For a bubble the curvature is identical to that of a sphere: R1 = R2 = R. ;Therefore ΔP =2γ/R (2.6) With R = 1 mm we get ΔP = 0.072J/m2 ×2/10?3m= 144 Pa With R = 10 nm the pressure is ΔP = 0.072 J/m2 × 2/10?8m = 1.44 × 107 Pa =144 bar. ;毛细现象;弯曲液面的力平衡条件;弯曲液面的力平衡条件;Techniques to measure the surface tension;;Maximum-bubble-pressure method;表面张力测定装置 ;Drop-weight method;第36页/共86页;ring tensiometer, called also the Du-Noüy tensiometer;theWilhelmy plate method;吊片法;脱环法(环法);滴体积法：;停滴法和悬滴法：;表面过剩和吉布斯等温吸附式(surface excess and Gibbs adsorption isotherm);Effects of simple electrolytes on the surface tension of water: (a) LiCl; (b) NaCl;(c) NaBr.; 1. 非表面活性物质 如无机盐、不挥发酸碱以及蔗糖、甘露醇等多羟基有机物的水溶液;表面过剩和吉布斯等温吸附式;在溶液中，1mol溶剂A中所含溶质B的摩尔数;定义：;稀溶液中;讨论：;You add 0.5 mM SDS (sodium dodecylsulfate, NaSO4(CH2)11CH3) to pure water at 25?;At such low activities and as an approximation we replace the activity a by the concentration c and get ?γ/?a ≈Δγ/Δc=(0.06909 ? 0.07199)Nm?1 (0.0005 ? 0)molm?3 = ?5.80Nm2/mol;为了证实吉布斯公式，有人做了下列实验，在25℃时配制一浓度为的苯基丙酸溶液，然后用特制的刮片机在310cm2的溶液表面上刮下溶液，经分析可知表面层与本体溶液浓度差为 .试根据此计算表面吸附量。另外，已知不同浓度 下该溶液的表面张力 为：;表面活性剂在溶液表面上的吸附等