数学分析原理rudin完整答案（英文）.pdfVIP

MATH 413 [513] ( PHILLIPS) SOLUTIONS TO HOMEWORK 1 Generally, a “solution” is something that would be acceptable if turned in in the form presented here, although the solutions given are often close to minimal in this respect . A “solution (sketch)” is too sketchy to be considered a complete solution if turned in; varying amounts of detail would need to be filled in. Problem 1.1: If r Q () and x R Q, prove that r x rx Q. 6 \ { } G \ , ^ Solution: Wc prove this by contradiction. Let r Q () , and suppose that r x { } - - 6 \ \ Q. Then, using the field properties of both R and Q, we have x = (r + x) — r G Q. Thus x Q implies r -\ x Q. ^ - ^ , Similarly, if rx G Q then x = ( rx) / r Q. (Here, in addition to the field properties of R and Q. we use r - 0.) Thus x Q implies rx Q. I i = ^ ^ Problem 1.2: Prove that there is no x Q such that x2 = 12. Solution: We prove this by contradiction. Suppose there is x G Q such that x2 = 12. Write x = $ in lowest terms. Then x2 = 12 implies that m2 = 12n2 . 2 2 Since 3 divides 12n , it follows that 3 divides m . Since 3 is prime (and by unique factorization in Z) , it follows that 3 divides m. Therefore 32 divides m2 = Yin1. Since 32 does not