高分子材料学经典教材.pptx

高分子材料学经典教材;INTRODUCTION;HISTORY;Man-made (Synthetic) Macromolecules;Nobel Prizes for Polymer Science;Polymers Are Everywhere;高分子材料的应用;Polymers Are Everywhere;National Missile Defense;我们骄傲: 高分子概念的形成和高分子科学的出现始于20世纪20年代,但高分子材料是近50年发展最快的材料 1996年塑料与金属材料的体积比达到130% ;我们责任重大: *我国高分子研究起步于20世纪50年代初 *1995年,我国高分子材料进口总量: *塑料:370万吨 *合成纤维:207万吨 *橡胶:31万吨 *占国内消耗量的50%,投资100亿美元 *1998年,国内高分子材料的总消耗量为1446万吨,占世界总消耗量的1/10,其中803万吨为进口,人均消耗量仅为发达国家的1/7 ;现代高分子材料学 的三个基础性分支学科;;高分子[聚合物];;1909年贝克兰发明酚醛树脂;酚醛塑料制作的门把手;1909年贝克兰合成酚醛树脂,1911年英国的马修斯合成出聚苯乙烯,1912年聚氯乙烯被合成,1927年合成出聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,1933年高压聚乙烯问世,1938年四氟乙烯被聚合…; 1953年齐格勒在低压条件下合成出聚乙烯,随后纳塔合成出聚丙烯,1963齐格勒、纳塔获得诺贝尔化学奖。;研究对象之二—橡胶的发展;;;丑却受宠的合成橡胶;蚕说:还是人类有能耐;;;; 从上面所叙述材料的发展可以看到,科学发展是无止境的,一时的满足和安于现状就会导致落后,不断进取、不断创新才更有所作为。 人类需求是推动科学发展的动力。;;;;;;;;;;;绪论;Basic Definition and Nomenclature;Linear polymers may be represented by a chain with two ends. Branched polymers have side chains, or branches, of significant length which are bonded to the main chain at branch points, and are characterized in terms of the number and size of the branches. Polymers with well-controlled modes of branching: comblike polymers, star polymers, dendrimers, etc. Network polymers have three-dimensional structures in which each chain is connected to all others, and are characterized by their crosslinking density or degree of crosslinking (number of junction points per unit volume).;;Homopolymers: Polymers whose structure can be represented by multiple repetition of a single type of repeat unit which may contain one or more species of monomer unit. –(M)n– M: monomer unit or repeat unit; n: number of repeat units or degree of polymerization (DP) n = 2 (dimer), 3 (trimer), 4 (tetramer), 5 (pentamer), 6 (hexamer), …... 20: oligomer (e.g., MW 2,000) 20 or MW 10,000: polymer;Nomenclature;;;;The word copolymer is commonly used to describe polymers whose molecules contain two or more different types of repeat unit. Statistical copolymers ar

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