备战高考英语外刊精读与练习 专题 24 Is DNA testing accurate DNA 测试准吗？（学案版）.pdfVIP

备战2021年高考英语外刊精读与练习 专题 24 语篇导读： 你和你的兄弟姐妹有相同的父母，相同的祖先，但是怎么可能会有不同的祖先基因？本 文讨论同家族成员为什么有不同的 DNA 和造成基因测试不准确的因素。 Step 1Vocabulary 词汇表 ancestry 祖先 forbearers 祖先 genes 基因 geneticreshuffling 基因重组 ancestors 祖先，祖宗 geneticrecombination 基因重组 inherit 经遗传而得 primogenitor 祖先，始祖 sperm 精子 lineage 血统，家系 egg 卵子 geneticmakeup 基因组成 chromosome 染色体 genealogy 家谱学 reproductivecell 生殖细胞 originate 起源于，来自 Step 2Readingandunderstanding Have you ever wondered why your brother or sister doesn’t look exactly likeyou despitehaving the samefamily tree?Ifyou thinkthat’sodd,even stranger istheideathatyou andyour siblingmay have very different ancestry genes. You have the same parents, and therefore the exact same ancestors, but somehow your DNA tests come back with very different results. How is this evenpossible? Children inherit half of their DNA from each parent, via the sperm from the father and the egg from the mother. Our bodies contain 46 chromosomes, or 23 pairs. However, each reproductive cell has only 23 individual chromosomes. When the bodies of our forbearers created their sex cells, the cells engaged in genetic reshuffling, meaning each of the 23 chromosomes is a uniquecombination ofan originalpair.Thisprocessisalso calledgeneticrecombination. Thisiswhy Dr.Prosanta Chakrabarty,a scientist who studiesfish tohelp explain theevolution of human beings and our planet, says that your sister could be 10% more French than you, despite having the sameprimogenitors.And the further you go back in your lineage,the more confusing it canbe. You inherit 25% of each grandparents DNA.However,thisprocess ofrecombination meansthat inevitably some oftheir geneticmake-up wi