文本参考沉积学2lecture minerals and rocks new.pptx

Introduction to Minerals and Rocks;What is a mineral? ;3;4;5;6;Crystal lattice ;;Familiar minerals?;Hardness;Moh’s hardness scale.;Crystal form;Cleavage (the way a mineral breaks);Conchoidal fracture;Luster;Uniquely Colored Minerals;ROCK-FORMINGSILICATE MINERALS;Three classes: Igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary;How do igneous rocks form?;How do metamorphic rocks form?;How do sedimentary rocks form?;The Rock Cycle;Why it’s important for the history of life: ;Mineral information institute: ;Summary: A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic substance with a specific crystal lattice and a well defined chemical composition An atom is the fundamental particle that is unique to an element. The atomic number (# of protons and electrons) is fixed for an element and defines its chemical properties. Atoms combine together with chemical bonds to form minerals. The crystal lattice of a mineral is defined by the type of bonds (ionic, covalent or metallic) and geometric arrangement of atoms. Physical properties can be used to define minerals (they are dictated by chemical composition, and crystal lattice). They include hardness, luster, crystal form, cleavage, color and streak among others. Rocks are natural aggregates of minerals. 3 classes include: Igneous sedimentary and metamorphic. Rocks and minerals are important for studies of the history of life because: